Semi-hermetic Compressor Motor Ammonia Service Copper Windings

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Solution Overview

Problem

Semi-hermetic motors with copper windings are not widely used in ammonia refrigeration systems due to compatibility issues between winding insulation and ammonia refrigerant, leading to corrosion and reduced motor efficiency, as ammonia is corrosive and electrically conductive, necessitating the use of less efficient aluminum windings to prevent short circuits.

Innovation Solution

A semi-hermetic compressor motor design with a pass-through assembly that maintains an airtight seal for copper field windings, using a base, first isolation, and second isolation portions, along with a cap portion to prevent ammonia exposure and corrosion, allowing copper windings to be used safely within the ammonia environment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If copper windings are used in semi-hermetic motors for ammonia refrigeration, then motor efficiency is improved, but corrosion and electrical short circuits occur due to ammonia exposure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemotor efficiencyVSAvoidelectrical connection reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The motor assembly is segmented into two distinct zones: a sealed motor compartment containing copper windings and electrical connections, and an ammonia exposure zone. The sealed compartment isolates sensitive electrical components from ammonia refrigerant, allowing copper windings to be used without corrosion or short circuit risks while maintaining high motor efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A sealed enclosure acts as an intermediary barrier between the ammonia refrigerant and the copper windings. This enclosure allows the motor to operate efficiently with copper components while preventing direct contact between ammonia and electrical conductors, thus resolving the contradiction between efficiency and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If aluminum wire is used instead of copper to prevent corrosion, then reliability is improved, but motor efficiency decreases due to higher resistance

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecorrosion resistanceVSAvoidmotor efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system is divided into isolated zones where aluminum or other corrosion-resistant materials are only used where ammonia contact is inevitable (external connections), while copper windings are protected within the sealed motor compartment. This segmentation allows optimal material selection for each zone, maintaining both reliability and efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different material properties are applied locally: copper with high electrical conductivity is used for windings inside the sealed compartment, while corrosion-resistant materials are used only for external connections exposed to ammonia. This local quality approach optimizes both efficiency and reliability without compromise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If motor windings are encapsulated or encased with sealed enclosure, then electrical isolation is improved, but heat dissipation capacity is reduced and motor size increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical isolationVSAvoidmotor size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing function is extracted from the motor windings themselves and placed in a separate sealed enclosure structure. This allows the windings to maintain their natural heat dissipation characteristics while the enclosure provides the necessary electrical isolation and ammonia protection, avoiding the need to increase motor size for encapsulation purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables the use of copper windings in semi-hermetic motors for ammonia refrigeration systems, enhancing motor efficiency and reducing size and cost by allowing higher operating speeds and compact packaging, while maintaining electrical isolation and preventing corrosion.

Implementation Method 1

The motor is exposed to ammonia refrigerant within a semi-hermetic housing, and is cooled by the ammonia refrigerant moving through the compressor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

A semi-hermetic compressor motor design with a pass-through assembly that maintains an airtight seal for copper field windings, using a base, first isolation, and second isolation portions, along with a cap portion to prevent ammonia exposure and corrosion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical containment: Physical Containment

Implementation Method 3

A semi-hermetic compressor motor design with a pass-through assembly that maintains an airtight seal for copper field windings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3421792B1Semi-hermetic compressor motor for ammonia service
Publication Date: 2019.12.11 JOHNSON CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY CO
  • EP3421792B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3421792B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3421792B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A semi-hermetic compressor (40) comprising a compressor portion (14) and a motor (12) encased in a housing portion (16); the compressor portion (14) configured to compress a working fluid (24), wherein the working fluid is ammonia, and being driven by the motor (12); the motor (12) comprising a plurality of insulated copper wires (22); the plurality of insulated copper wires (22) forming a stator (20) of the motor (12) and extending from the stator (20) within an interior of the housing portion (16) to an exterior of the housing portion (16) through an annular pass-through assembly (30) mounted in the housing portion (16); and the pass-through assembly (30) comprising a base portion (28), a first isolation portion (26), a second isolation portion (42), and a cap portion (40); wherein the base portion (28) forms an airtight seal between the housing portion (16) and an external periphery of the base portion (28); each of the first and second isolation portions (26, 42) comprising at least one aperture for receiving and compressing an insulated copper wire (22) passing through the base portion (28).