Concave FDM Filament Geometry for Faster Moisture Drying

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Solution Overview

Problem

Drying filaments used in FDM 3D printing is energy- and time-consuming due to their hygroscopic nature, leading to issues like bubble formation, extrusion problems, and poor adhesion, which affects the quality and mechanical integrity of printed objects.

Innovation Solution

Designing filaments with a concave cross section that increases the surface area, reducing drying time by allowing for faster moisture evaporation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If filament is dried in an oven to prevent moisture absorption, then printed object quality and mechanical integrity are improved, but energy consumption and drying time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprinted object qualityVSAvoiddrying time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the geometric parameters of the filament by introducing a concave cross-section instead of a conventional circular one. This parameter change increases the surface area to volume ratio, which accelerates moisture evaporation during drying, thereby reducing drying time while maintaining printed object quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention transitions from a conventional circular cross-section (one-dimensional symmetry) to a concave cross-section with multiple facets. This dimensional change in the cross-sectional geometry creates additional surface area that exposes more internal moisture to the external environment, facilitating faster drying without compromising structural integrity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If filament is dried in an oven to prevent moisture absorption, then printed object quality and mechanical integrity are improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprinted object qualityVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the geometric parameters of the filament by introducing a concave cross-section instead of a conventional circular one. This parameter change increases the surface area to volume ratio, which accelerates moisture evaporation during drying, thereby reducing drying time and associated energy consumption while maintaining printed object quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention transitions from a conventional circular cross-section (one-dimensional symmetry) to a concave cross-section with multiple facets. This dimensional change in the cross-sectional geometry creates additional surface area that exposes more internal moisture to the external environment, facilitating faster drying and reducing the energy required for the drying process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional circular filament is used, then manufacturing is simple, but drying time is long due to lower surface area

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilament manufacturing simplicityVSAvoiddrying time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the geometric parameters of the filament by introducing a concave cross-section instead of a conventional circular one. This parameter change increases the surface area to volume ratio, which accelerates moisture evaporation during drying, thereby reducing drying time while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through extrusion processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The concave cross section filaments reduce drying time, enhancing the quality and mechanical integrity of printed objects by minimizing moisture absorption-related defects.

Implementation Method 1

reducing drying time by allowing for faster moisture evaporation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP4540049B1A filament for use in a fused deposition modelling 3D manufacturing method
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 SIGNIFY HOLDING BV
  • EP4540049B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4540049B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(d)
  • EP4540049B1 patent drawingFigure 3(a)~3(c)

AI summary

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a 3D item (910) by means of fused deposition modelling using a 3D printer (100). The method comprises the step of layer-wise depositing a 3D printable material to provide the 3D item (910) comprising layers (920) of 3D printed material (921). The 3D printable material is a filament (200) comprising a thermoplastic material. The filament (200) has an axis of elongation (210). Perpendicular to the axis of elongation (210), the filament (200) has a cross section with a concave shape. The filament (200) may have a filament center portion (241) and a plurality of filament extensions (242), wherein the filament center portion (241) has a filament center axis that coincides with the axis of elongation (210) of the filament (200), and wherein each filament extension (242) has an extension length and extends from the filament center portion (241) in an extension direction perpendicular to the filament center axis. The use of the aforementioned filament (200) results in a reduced drying time, which in turn makes the method a less energy- and time-consuming process.