Concentric Clutch Drive Axle for Single-Motor Torque Vectoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrically driven vehicle axles require multiple electrical machines for torque vectoring, increasing complexity and cost, while existing solutions with a single electrical machine lack compactness and efficient torque control.

Innovation Solution

A vehicle axle design featuring concentrically arranged hydraulically actuated disc clutches with overlapping pistons and bearings, reducing the need for additional gear trains and enabling efficient torque vectoring with a single electrical machine.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If two electrical machines are used for torque vectoring, then torque control capability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque control capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the torque control function into two separate clutches (first clutch and second clutch) that can independently engage and disengage, allowing selective torque distribution to left and right drive shafts. This segmentation enables torque vectoring functionality without requiring two complete electrical machines, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A single electrical machine is designed to serve multiple functions: it can drive both the left and right drive shafts through the two clutches, enabling both standard drive and torque vectoring operations. The electrical machine acts as a universal power source that, combined with the clutch mechanism, provides the versatility previously requiring two separate machines.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If additional gear trains are added for torque vectoring, then torque distribution capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque distribution capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the torque distribution function from complex gear trains and implements it through a simpler clutch-based mechanism. The clutches directly control torque flow paths without requiring intermediate gear stages, reducing mechanical complexity while maintaining the ability to distribute torque between left and right drive shafts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical gear train-based torque distribution with a clutch-controlled system directly driven by an electrical machine. This substitution eliminates the need for additional gear stages, bearings, and associated mechanical components, simplifying the overall drivetrain architecture while preserving torque vectoring capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of manufacture

If clutches are arranged axially separated, then ease of manufacturing is improved, but axial space consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidaxial space
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from axial separation to radial arrangement of the clutches. The first and second clutches are positioned side-by-side in the radial direction rather than stacked axially, effectively utilizing the radial dimension of the drive shaft to reduce axial space consumption while maintaining manufacturability through standardized radial mounting positions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

4Stability of the object's composition

If radial alignment of pistons and bearings is implemented, then deflection reduction is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeflection reductionVSAvoidmanufacturing precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces deliberate radial offset between the piston and bearing positions, creating an asymmetric arrangement that compensates for operational deflections. The piston is positioned at a different radial location than the bearing, allowing the design to account for and mitigate deflection effects through geometric compensation rather than requiring ultra-precise symmetric alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design achieves a compact, cost-effective solution with improved torque control, reduced weight, and faster response times, while minimizing deflections and drag losses.

Implementation Method 1

The disc clutches may be hydraulically actuated

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydraulic pressure: Pressure Increase

Implementation Method 2

Each disc clutch may be actuated by a respective piston

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydraulic actuation: Hydraulic Press

Implementation Method 3

The disc clutches may be hydraulically actuated disc clutches

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP4063155B1An electrical drive axle for a vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.12.24 BORGWARNER SWEDEN AB
  • EP4063155B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4063155B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4063155B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

An electrically driven vehicle axle is provided, comprising an electrical machine (6), a left drive shaft (14), a right drive shaft (24), a first clutch (10) connecting the electrical machine to the left drive shaft (14) and a second clutch (20) connecting the electrical machine (6) to the right drive shaft (24). The first and second clutches (10, 20) are arranged concentrically.