Concentric Electrode Neuro Device for Seizure Detection and Treatment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, face challenges including invasive procedures, irreversible tissue damage, limited efficacy, and the need for precise dosing of medications with significant side effects, as well as difficulties in detecting and localizing seizure foci in real-time.
Innovation Solution
A bioelectric neuro device with a unique concentric electrode system that allows for direct measurement and localization of brain electrical activity, enabling non-invasive detection and treatment of neurological disorders through electrical stimulation, with a control module, detection, impedance, and stimulation subsystems, and the ability to apply focused electrical stimulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional drug therapy is used to treat epilepsy, then seizure control can be achieved in some patients, but serious side effects and toxicity occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an implantable device with electrodes as an intermediary between the patient's nervous system and treatment. The device detects seizure activity through EEG electrodes and delivers targeted electrical stimulation or drug delivery only when needed, avoiding the continuous side effects of oral medications while maintaining seizure control efficacy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the implantable device continuously monitors brain electrical activity through EEG electrodes. When seizure patterns are detected, the system automatically responds with electrical stimulation or targeted drug delivery, creating a closed-loop system that provides seizure control without the need for continuous medication dosing and its associated side effects.
2Reliability
If surgical resection is performed to treat medically refractory epilepsy, then seizure control may be improved, but risk of complications and damage to eloquent brain regions increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an implantable device with electrodes as an intermediary between the patient's nervous system and treatment. The device detects seizure activity through EEG electrodes and delivers targeted electrical stimulation or drug delivery only when needed, avoiding the continuous side effects of oral medications while maintaining seizure control efficacy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the implantable device continuously monitors brain electrical activity through EEG electrodes. When seizure patterns are detected, the system automatically responds with electrical stimulation or targeted drug delivery, creating a closed-loop system that provides seizure control without the need for continuous medication dosing and its associated side effects.
3Reliability
If continuous electrical stimulation is applied to treat epilepsy, then seizure reduction may be achieved, but the device does not perform detection and cannot stop seizures completely
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the implantable device continuously monitors brain electrical activity through EEG electrodes. When seizure patterns are detected, the system automatically responds with electrical stimulation or targeted drug delivery, creating a closed-loop system that provides seizure control without the need for continuous medication dosing and its associated side effects.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements preliminary action by detecting seizure patterns before they fully develop and delivering treatment at the earliest possible moment. The EEG monitoring system identifies precursor activity and triggers immediate electrical stimulation or drug delivery, preventing the seizure from progressing to its full harmful effect rather than merely reducing its impact after onset.
4Reliability
If tissue ablation is performed to control epilepsy, then some seizure control is achieved, but the procedure is irreversible and carries surgical risks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic, reversible treatment through an implantable device that can be adjusted or removed as needed. Unlike irreversible tissue ablation, this system allows for real-time modification of treatment parameters and can be completely removed if complications arise, providing a dynamic and reversible alternative to permanent surgical interventions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the implantable device continuously monitors brain electrical activity through EEG electrodes. When seizure patterns are detected, the system automatically responds with electrical stimulation or targeted drug delivery, creating a closed-loop system that provides seizure control without the need for continuous medication dosing and its associated side effects.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device effectively detects and treats neurological disorders with minimal invasion, providing safe and effective treatment with short duration, enhancing localization of electrical sources and allowing for targeted stimulation to prevent or terminate seizures and other neurological events.
Implementation Method 1
A bioelectric neuro device with a unique concentric electrode system that allows for direct measurement and localization of brain electrical activity
Implementation Method 2
enabling non-invasive detection and treatment of neurological disorders through electrical stimulation, with a control module, detection, impedance, and stimulation subsystems, and the ability to apply focused electrical stimulation
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are devices and methods for detecting, preventing, and/or treating neurological disorders. These devices and methods utilize electrical stimulation, and comprise a unique concentric ring electrode component. The disclosed methods involve the positioning of multiple electrodes on the scalp of a mammal; monitoring the mammal's brain electrical patterns to identify the onset of a neurological event; identifying the location of the brain electrical patterns indicative of neurological event; and applying transcutaneous or transcranial electrical stimulation to the location of the neurological event to beneficially modify brain electrical patterns. The disclosed methods may be useful in the detection, prevention, and/or treatment of a variety of indications, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, phobia, schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder, migraine or headache, concussion, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorder, substance abuse, and anxiety. The disclosed methods may also be used in combination with other peripheral stimulation techniques.