Concrete Pump Boom Positioning With UWB Obstacle Mapping
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Solution Overview
Problem
The operation of truck-mounted concrete pumps on construction sites is challenging due to the risk of collisions with obstacles like scaffolding, limited outrigger extension in urban areas, and the need for accurate positioning and collision-free trajectory planning, which existing technologies fail to address effectively.
Innovation Solution
The integration of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology using UWB tags and anchors to create a 3D map of the environment, allowing for precise positioning and collision avoidance by determining the location of obstacles and boom segments, and enabling efficient setup and operation of the concrete pump through sensor fusion and augmented reality displays.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If conventional operation methods are used, then the concrete pump can operate in open areas, but it cannot safely operate in complex urban environments with obstacles like scaffolding
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary mapping of the work environment by having the operator mark obstacle positions using the marking apparatus before operation begins. This advance preparation creates a stored position map that the control unit uses to prevent the boom from moving into hazardous areas, enabling safe operation in complex environments before any collision risk arises.
Solution Approach 2:
The control unit continuously monitors the boom position and compares it against the stored obstacle positions, providing real-time feedback by generating warning signals when the boom approaches marked areas and by preventing movement into hazardous zones. This closed-loop feedback system dynamically adjusts operation to maintain safety in complex environments.
2Productivity
If the boom is moved quickly to improve productivity, then operation speed increases, but collision risk with obstacles increases
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit provides continuous real-time feedback by monitoring boom position against stored obstacle positions, generating warning signals when approaching hazardous areas. This enables the operator to maintain higher speeds while receiving immediate alerts to slow down or stop before collisions, reconciling productivity with safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The system pre-identifies and marks all obstacle positions in the work area before operation begins. By having the hazard map prepared in advance, the operator can move the boom quickly with confidence, knowing that any potential collision risks have already been identified and are being monitored by the control system.
3Measurement precision
If manual marking of obstacle positions is performed, then obstacle locations are recorded, but the process is time-consuming and reduces productivity
Solution Approach 1:
The marking apparatus enables the operator to independently and autonomously mark obstacle positions using the UWB tag and activation button, without requiring external surveying equipment or additional personnel. This self-service capability achieves precise position recording while minimizing setup time and maintaining productivity.
4Measurement precision
If UWB tags are mounted on multiple locations including boom segments, then positioning precision improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The UWB tag serves multiple functions: it marks obstacle positions when held by the operator, and it tracks boom segment positions when mounted on the boom. This multi-functional use of the same UWB technology achieves precise positioning for both obstacle mapping and boom monitoring without requiring different systems, thereby managing complexity while improving measurement precision.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances safety by preventing collisions, optimizing boom movement and setup, and providing real-time monitoring and feedback, ensuring efficient and accurate operation of the concrete pump even in complex environments.
Implementation Method 1
The position of the UWB tag or tags is determined by determining the time of flight of ultra-wideband signals having frequencies of more than 1.5 GHz between the UWB tag or tags and the UWB anchors
Data Source
AI summary
A work machine includes a moving boom, an ultra-wideband system (UWB) having one UWB tag and a number of UWB anchors, a marking apparatus that can be handled by a user and can be operated by the user, and a control unit. The UWB tag is mounted on the marking apparatus. The control unit is designed so as, when the marking apparatus is operated, to store a position of the UWB tag ascertained by way of the UWB system at the time of the operation and to control the operation of the mobile work machine on the basis of the ascertained position.