Conductive Carbon-Cement Composite for Structural Energy Storage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Cement faces an uncertain future due to its significant ecological footprint, contributing 5-10% of worldwide CO2 production, while being essential for housing and infrastructure needs, and lacks alternative materials to replace its energy storage functionalities.

Innovation Solution

Development of a nanoporous carbon-loaded cement composite that conducts electricity, forming a structural supercapacitor by incorporating nanoporous carbon nanoparticles into hydraulic cement, creating a continuous percolating network for electrical conductivity and energy storage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If nanoporous carbon nanoparticles are incorporated into hydraulic cement to create electrical conductivity, then electrical resistivity is reduced and energy storage functionality is achieved, but the complexity of the composite material increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidcomposite material complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining nanoporous carbon nanoparticles with hydraulic cement to create an electrically conductive composite. The carbon nanoparticles form a percolating network within the cement matrix, enabling electrical conductivity while maintaining the structural properties of cement. This resolves the contradiction by integrating multiple functionalities (structural support and energy storage) into a single composite material system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes porous materials by incorporating nanoporous carbon nanoparticles with specific pore sizes (2-50 nm) into the cement composite. The porous structure provides both electrical conductivity pathways and capacitance for energy storage. The porosity allows the carbon nanoparticles to form a continuous network while maintaining compatibility with the cement matrix, thereby achieving electrical conductivity without excessive complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

2Reliability

If a continuous percolating network of nanoporous carbon nanoparticles is formed in cement, then electrical conductivity is achieved, but the manufacturing precision required to ensure proper dispersion and network formation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidnanoparticle dispersion control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the concentration of carbon nanoparticles (0.1-10 wt%), their size distribution (2-50 nm pores), and the water-to-cement ratio (0.3-0.6) to achieve percolation threshold and electrical conductivity. By carefully controlling these parameters, the patent ensures proper dispersion and network formation without requiring excessive manufacturing precision, as the system is designed to be robust within defined parameter ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Object-affected harmful factors

If cement is used for energy storage applications, then ecological footprint is reduced by utilizing existing infrastructure material, but the mechanical properties of cement may be compromised by adding carbon nanoparticles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveecological footprintVSAvoidmechanical properties
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies universality by making cement multi-functional: it serves both as a structural building material and as an energy storage medium through the incorporation of nanoporous carbon nanoparticles. The carbon-cement composite can function as both load-bearing structural elements and supercapacitor electrodes, eliminating the need for separate energy storage systems and reducing overall ecological footprint while maintaining mechanical integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes porous materials by incorporating nanoporous carbon nanoparticles with controlled pore sizes (2-50 nm) into the cement matrix. The porous structure provides electrical conductivity pathways and capacitance for energy storage while the small pore sizes and nanoscale dimensions minimize disruption to the cement matrix, thereby preserving mechanical strength. The porous carbon network integrates seamlessly with the cement hydrate structure, maintaining both functionalities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The electrically conductive cement composite achieves reduced electrical resistivity and maintains mechanical properties, enabling the use of cement in energy storage applications, such as structural supercapacitors, while potentially reducing its ecological footprint.

Implementation Method 1

The electrically conductive cement composite comprises hydraulic cement, water, a carbon nanoparticle dispersing agent, and a continuous percolating network of nanoporous carbon nanoparticles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

A structural supercapacitor as an energy solution for autonomous housing and other buildings

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP3737654B1Supercapacitator comprising electron conducting carbon-based cementand
Publication Date: 2024.12.18 MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH
  • EP3737654B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3737654B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3737654B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A nanoporous carbon-loaded cement composite that conducts electricity. The nanoporous carbon-loaded cement composite can be used in a variety of different fields of use, including, for example, a structural super-capacitor as an energy solution for autonomous housing and other buildings, a heated cement for pavement deicing or house basement insulation against capillary rise, a protection of concrete against freeze-thaw (FT) or alkali silica reaction (ASR) or other crystallization degradation processes, and as a conductive cable, wire or concrete trace.