Conductive Paste for Automotive Glass Anti-Fogging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conductive pastes for automotive window glass can cause color changes and structural defects like cracks in the glass substrate and ceramic layers due to the use of atomized powders, which affect visibility and durability.
Innovation Solution
A conductive paste containing a mixture of atomized and wet reduced powders with an average particle size of 5.2 to 9 μm and a chlorine content of 42 ppm or less, along with glass frit and an organic vehicle, is used to prevent color changes and structural defects by reducing sinterability and chlorine impurities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If atomized powder is used in conductive paste, then cost is reduced and sinterability is suppressed, but glass substrate undergoes color change to yellow and ceramic layers develop structural defects like cracks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent controls the chlorine content parameter in atomized powder to 42 ppm or less and specifies particle size range of 5.2 to 9 μm, thereby preventing color change and structural defects while maintaining cost advantages and sinterability suppression
Solution Approach 2:
The conductive paste uses a composite formulation combining atomized powder (5 to 40 wt %) with controlled chlorine content and specific particle size, glass frit, and organic vehicle, achieving both economic benefits and prevention of harmful effects through material composition optimization
2Object-affected harmful factors
If wet reduced powder is used instead of atomized powder, then color change is prevented, but manufacturing cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent specifies precise parameter ranges for atomized powder (chlorine content ≤42 ppm, particle size 5.2 to 9 μm) that eliminate color change issues previously associated with atomized powder, making atomized powder as effective as wet reduced powder without the cost penalty
Solution Approach 2:
The patent demonstrates that atomized powder, when properly controlled for chlorine content and particle size, can replace expensive wet reduced powder while maintaining performance, achieving cost reduction without sacrificing quality
3Stability of the object's composition
If atomized powder with larger particle size is used, then sinterability is suppressed and firing shrinkage is reduced, but manufacturing precision and coverage are affected
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes particle size to 5.2 to 9 μm and chlorine content to 42 ppm or less, achieving the right balance between suppressing excessive sinterability and maintaining adequate coverage and firing shrinkage control for precise manufacturing
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents color changes in the glass substrate and structural defects in the ceramic layers, ensuring aesthetic and functional integrity of anti-fogging glass articles.
Implementation Method 1
a conductive paste including an Ag powder, glass frit, and an organic vehicle, for anti-fogging hot wires of automotive windows
Data Source
AI summary
A conductive paste contains at least a conductive powder, glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The conductive powder is a mixed powder of an atomized powder prepared by an atomization method and a wet reduced powder prepared by a wet reduction method and the conductive powder contains the atomized powder in the range of 5 to 40 wt %. The atomized powder is 5.2 to 9 μm in average particle size and the content of a chlorine component mixed in the conductive powder is 42 ppm or less. The conductive paste is applied in the form of a line onto a glass substrate 1 and subjected to firing to form conductive films. This conductive paste can prevent glass substrates from undergoing color changes and prevent base layers for conductive films from having structural defects such as cracks.