Conductive Sheath Voltage Polarization for Electrical Continuity Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing circuit breaker devices in aircraft electrical installations are not suitable for detecting breaks in electrical continuity, posing safety risks for maintenance personnel as voltage levels increase, particularly with high-voltage direct current systems.

Innovation Solution

An electrical protection device is introduced, featuring a conductive sheath voltage-polarized with a test voltage, a limiting voltage device, and a detection module with a comparator and microcontroller to detect disconnections or breaks in the electrical connection, controlling the circuit breaker to interrupt the current supply.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If conventional circuit breaker devices are used in high-voltage DC electrical installations, then the electrical power consumption can be increased to meet growing aircraft power demands, but the ability to detect breaks in electrical continuity is lost, creating safety risks for maintenance personnel

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical power consumptionVSAvoiddetection of electrical continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention separates the circuit breaker function from the continuity detection function by introducing a distinct conductive sheath surrounding the electrical conductor. This sheath is independently voltage-polarized and monitored, allowing the main circuit breaker to handle high-power switching while the sheath monitoring system independently detects continuity breaks, thus resolving the contradiction between power handling capability and safety detection reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The conductive sheath acts as an intermediary element between the electrical conductor and the monitoring system. It is voltage-polarized by a dedicated polarization module and monitored by a detection module, serving as a separate sensing channel that does not interfere with the main power transmission but provides continuous safety monitoring, thereby enabling both high power operation and reliable break detection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Power

If voltage levels are increased to +/- 270 Volts DC or 540 Volts DC to meet growing power demands, then the electrical power capacity is improved, but the safety of maintenance personnel deteriorates due to inability to detect connection breaks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage levelVSAvoidsafety risk to maintenance personnel
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary continuity detection through the voltage-polarized conductive sheath before maintenance personnel approach the equipment. The detection module continuously monitors the electrical state of the sheath, and the control module is prepared to trigger the circuit breaker immediately upon detecting a break, thus preventing harmful electrical arcs and ensuring safety at high voltage levels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The detection module provides continuous feedback about the electrical continuity state of the conductive sheath to the control module. This feedback mechanism enables real-time monitoring and immediate response to continuity breaks, creating a closed-loop safety system that actively prevents hazardous conditions from developing, thereby maintaining safety despite high voltage operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution ensures the safe supply of high-voltage electrical energy to user equipment by rapidly detecting and interrupting electrical energy in case of disconnection or breakage, preventing electrical arcs and ensuring maintenance safety.

Implementation Method 1

a polarization module configured to voltage-polarize the conductive sheath with a DC voltage, called the test voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage polarization: Electric Field

Implementation Method 2

a device for limiting the bias voltage of the conductive sheath having a limiting voltage lower than the test voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage limiting: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 3

a detection module connected to the conductive sheath and configured to detect whether or not the bias voltage of the conductive sheath is limited by the limiting device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical voltage detection: Electric Field

Implementation Method 4

a circuit breaker arranged on the electrical conductor and configured to cut off a current passing through said conductor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCircuit interruption: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3413419B1Electrical circuit with electrical protection device - integrity test
Publication Date: 2019.08.21 AIRBUS OPERATIONS (SAS)
  • EP3413419B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3413419B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3413419B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The invention relates to an electrical connection adapted to link a high-voltage direct current power source to a user equipment (250), the electrical connection comprising an electrical conductor (240) surrounded by an insulating sheath, the electrical connection comprising an electrical protection device (200) comprising: - a conductive sheath (280) arranged around the insulating sheath, - a circuit breaker (210) arranged on the electrical conductor (240) and configured to interrupt a current flowing through said conductor, the protection device (200) further comprising: - a polarization module (245) configured to voltage-bias the conductive sheath (280) with a direct current voltage (V_test_PSS), referred to as the test voltage; - a limiting device (250a) for the polarization voltage of the conductive sheath having a limiting voltage (Vlim) lower than the test voltage (V_test_PSS);- a detection module (220) connected to the conductive sheath (280) and configured to detect whether or not the bias voltage of the conductive sheath is limited by the limiting device (250a) and to control the circuit breaker (210) according to the detection.;