Multi-Layer Conductive Spring for Shape Memory Actuation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing shape memory material components lack efficient mechanisms for inducing phase transitions to drive shape changes, particularly in mechanical actuators where precise control over temperature and electrical connections is necessary.
Innovation Solution
A shape memory material component comprising a core and a sheath with an insulator, where the core and sheath are electrically conductive, allowing for controlled electrical current flow to induce phase transitions, and configured as a coil or helical spring with terminals for activation, enabling shape changes upon reaching a transition temperature.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If electrical current is passed through the shape memory material to induce phase transition, then the shape change is driven effectively, but the electrical connection complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the electrical connection terminals at one end of the component, merging the positive and negative terminals into a single location. This is achieved through the multi-layered spring structure where alternating layers serve as different electrical terminals, allowing current flow through the shape memory material without requiring distributed connections along the component length.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a nested multi-layered structure where conductive layers are embedded within insulating layers. The conductive layers are positioned at the edges of the component and extend along its length, while insulating layers separate them. This nesting allows electrical connections to be made at one end only, as the conductive paths are internally configured to distribute current through the shape memory material.
2Reliability
If the shape memory component is placed in tension between two electrodes for warming, then the phase transition is induced, but the mechanical structure becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the structural and electrical functions into a single integrated component. The multi-layered spring itself serves both as the mechanical element that undergoes phase transition and as the electrical conductor that receives current. The conductive layers are integral to the spring structure, eliminating the need for separate electrodes and mounting hardware.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a multi-functional component where the spring structure simultaneously performs mechanical support, electrical conduction, and phase transition actuation. The conductive layers embedded in the spring serve multiple purposes: providing structural integrity, conducting electrical current, and enabling direct heating of the shape memory material without requiring external electrodes.
3Ease of operation
If terminals are distributed along the component for current flow, then electrical control is improved, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the component into alternating conductive and insulating layers, with each layer serving a specific electrical function. The conductive layers are positioned at the edges and extend along the length of the component, creating discrete electrical pathways. This segmentation allows terminals to be concentrated at one end while maintaining effective electrical control throughout the component.
Solution Approach 2:
The nested multi-layered structure embeds conductive layers within insulating layers during manufacturing. The conductive layers are positioned precisely at the edges and extend along the component length, creating internal electrical pathways that eliminate the need for external terminal positioning. This nested configuration simplifies manufacturing by integrating electrical pathways into the structural layers themselves.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables controlled shape changes in mechanical components, such as actuators and keyboards, by effectively utilizing electrical current to transition the shape memory material from a martensite to austenite phase, altering spring constants and configurations, thereby enhancing mechanical functionality.
Implementation Method 1
The core can be configured to move from an initial form to an activated form different in shape from the initial form upon a temperature of the core warming past a transition temperature of the shape memory material
Implementation Method 2
Passing electric current through the shape memory material can warm the shape memory material past its transition temperature
Implementation Method 3
The insulator can be configured to block a flow of electrical current between a proximal portion of the sheath and a proximal portion of the core
Data Source
AI summary
A mechanical component is provided. The component can have a core, a sheath circumferentially surrounding the core, and an insulator between the core and the sheath. The core can include a shape memory material that is arranged to move from an initial form to an activated form upon a temperature of the core warming past a transition temperature of the shape memory material. A distal portion of the sheath can be in electrical communication with a distal portion of the core, while the insulator blocks a flow of electrical current between a proximal portion of the sheath and a proximal portion of the core.