Electrical Connector Air-Facing Ground Terminals Signal Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electrical connectors experience signal loss and crosstalk due to the decrease in capacitance between ground and differential signal terminals when high-speed signals are transmitted from an insulating block to air, caused by the lower dielectric constant of air compared to the insulating block.
Innovation Solution
The electrical connector design includes protruding blocks and slots that expose the side surfaces of ground and differential signal terminals to air, increasing the air-facing area between them, which maintains capacitance and impedance stability by preventing a decrease in capacitance, thereby reducing signal loss and crosstalk.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If the fixing portion is embedded in the insulating block and the elastic arm is exposed to air, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the capacitance between ground terminal and differential signal terminal decreases, causing impedance change and signal loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an insulating coating as an intermediary layer on the elastic arm surface. This coating acts as a mediator that maintains the simple exposed structure while preventing the harmful dielectric transition effect, thereby preserving capacitance and impedance stability without complicating the manufacturing process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical parameter of the elastic arm by applying an insulating coating with specific dielectric properties. This parameter change allows the arm to remain exposed to air for ease of manufacture while the coating's dielectric constant compensates for the air's lower dielectric constant, maintaining the required capacitance level
2Area of stationary object
If the side surfaces of terminals are exposed to air, then the dielectric constant decreases, but the air-facing area increases, which can maintain capacitance stability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies an insulating coating with optimized dielectric constant to the exposed side surfaces, changing the effective dielectric parameter of the air-facing area. This allows the large air-facing area to be maintained while the coating's dielectric properties prevent capacitance decrease, thereby reducing signal loss
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design effectively reduces high-frequency signal transmission loss and crosstalk by maintaining stable impedance and capacitance, enhancing the performance of high-frequency signal transmission.
Implementation Method 1
the dielectric constant of the air is less than the dielectric constant of the insulating block, and the capacitance between the ground terminal and the adjacent differential signal terminal decreases due to the decrease of the dielectric constant
Data Source
AI summary
An electrical connector includes an insulating block, and multiple differential signal terminals and multiple ground terminals embedded in the insulating block. Multiple first protruding blocks and multiple second protruding blocks protrude and extend forward from a front surface of the insulating block. A slot is formed between the first protruding block and the second protruding block adjacent to each other. Each differential signal terminal is embedded in and extends forward out of a first protruding block. Each of left and right sides of one pair of differential signal terminals has a first side surface. Each ground terminal is provided between two adjacent pairs of the differential signal terminals, and is embedded in and extends forward out of a second protruding block. Each of left and right sides of the ground terminal has a second side surface. A medium between the first side surface and the second side surface is air.