Constant Current Source for Inductive Vehicle Charging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current systems for transferring electromagnetic energy to vehicles, such as trams and buses, face inefficiencies and high manufacturing costs due to the need for heavy components like inductances to maintain constant current, which also produce significant reactive power.

Innovation Solution

The system employs a constant current source with a T-network configuration, utilizing the inherent inductance of the segments to minimize reactive power, and connects segments in parallel to a common current supply, reducing the number of discrete components and installation effort.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If heavy inductance components are used to maintain constant current, then constant current operation is achieved, but device complexity and manufacturing costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconstant current operationVSAvoidnumber of discrete components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple discrete inductance components into a single common inductance that serves multiple segments simultaneously. This merging approach maintains constant current operation for each segment while reducing the total number of discrete components and simplifying the overall device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The common inductance component performs multiple functions by serving several segments at once. It provides the necessary inductance for constant current operation across multiple segments, eliminating the need for separate inductance components for each segment and thereby reducing device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If heavy inductance components are used to maintain constant current, then constant current operation is achieved, but manufacturing costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconstant current operationVSAvoidmanufacturing costs
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

By merging multiple inductance functions into a single common inductance component, the patent reduces the total component count, simplifies manufacturing processes, and lowers overall manufacturing costs while maintaining reliable constant current operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The universal common inductance component serves multiple segments, reducing the bill of materials and manufacturing complexity, thereby decreasing production costs while ensuring constant current operation is maintained.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Ease of manufacture

If segments are connected in parallel to common current supply, then installation effort is reduced, but current distribution control becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstallation effortVSAvoidcurrent distribution control
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs feedback mechanisms where the common inductance and associated control systems monitor and adjust current distribution to each segment. This feedback ensures that while segments are conveniently connected in parallel, the current distribution remains controlled and optimized for each individual segment's requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

4Loss of energy

If constant current operation is implemented, then efficiency is improved, but reactive power production increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransfer efficiencyVSAvoidreactive power
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

By merging the inductance resources into a common component, the patent optimizes the magnetic circuit utilization, reducing redundant reactive power generation while maintaining the constant current operation that ensures efficient energy transfer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances efficiency, reduces manufacturing and installation costs, and allows for flexible operation by maintaining constant current independently of the power transferred to vehicles, while minimizing reactive power production.

Implementation Method 1

an electric conductor arrangement for producing an alternating electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring electromagnetic energy to the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2718139B1System and method for transferring electric energy to a vehicle using constant current operation of segments of a conductor arrangement
Publication Date: 2019.04.24 BOMBARDIER PRIMOVE
  • EP2718139B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2718139B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2718139B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a system for transferring electric energy to a vehicle (81; 91), in particular to a track bound vehicle (81) such as a light rail vehicle or to a road automobile (91) such as a bus, wherein - the system comprises an electric conductor arrangement (3, T) for producing an alternating electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring electromagnetic energy to the vehicle, - the conductor arrangement (3, T) comprises a plurality of segments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6), wherein each segment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) extends along a section of the path of travel of the vehicle, - each segment comprises one line for each phase of an alternating current which is to be carried by the segment in order to produce the electromagnetic field, - the system comprises a current supply (3) for conducting electric energy to the plurality of the segments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6), wherein the segments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) are electrically connected in parallel to each other with the current supply (3), - at least one of the segments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) is coupled to the current supply (3) via an associated constant current source (12) adapted to keep the electric current through the segment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) constant - while the segment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) is operated - independently of the electric power which is transferred to one or more vehicles travelling along the segment (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6), - each constant current source (12) comprises a first inductance (L6P1) and optionally more than one inductances and comprises a first capacitance (C6P) and optionally more than one capacitances, the inductances and the capacitances being adapted to each other and to the voltage at the input side of the constant current source so that a desired constant current is output to the output side, i.e. the side of the segment, - the first inductance (L6P1) is arranged in a line (100) of the constant current source (12) which connects the input side with the output side and at least one junction of the line (100) is connected with the first capacitance(C6P), - the first inductance (L6P1) and the first capacitance (C6P) as well as a second inductance (L6P2), which is formed at least partly by the inherent inductance (LT) of the segment (T), are adapted to each other and to any additional capacitance in the segment can be operated at a corresponding resonance frequency and the reactive power produced by the segment (T) is essentially zero.