Contact-Surface Optical Sensing at an Acute Included Angle
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Solution Overview
Problem
Noninvasive measurement of hemodynamic parameters, such as blood pressure, presents significant technical challenges, and existing biometric parameters like fingerprints are prone to cloning or spoofing, necessitating the need for unforgeable authentication elements.
Innovation Solution
A composite sensor assembly combining ECG and PPG sensors, along with displacement sensors, operates synchronously to derive biological parameters not measurable individually, compensating for artifacts and enabling measurements like Pulse Transmit Time (PTT) and blood pressure.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a single sensor type is used for measurement, then the device complexity is low, but the measurement precision of derived biological parameters is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensor types (ECG sensor, PPG sensor, and displacement sensor) into a composite sensor assembly to enable derivation of biological parameters that cannot be measured by any single sensor type alone, thereby improving measurement precision while accepting increased device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The composite sensor assembly performs multiple functions simultaneously: ECG sensing, PPG sensing, and displacement measurement, allowing the system to derive multiple biological parameters (heart rate, pulse transit time, blood pressure) from a single integrated device
2Reliability
If fingerprints are used for authentication, then the ease of operation is high, but the reliability of authentication is low due to cloning or spoofing
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from using a single biometric parameter (fingerprint) to multiple biometric parameters (ECG signals, PPG signals, displacement data) for authentication, changing the parameter set used for verification to improve reliability while maintaining ease of operation through automated multi-parameter analysis
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate and secure measurement of hemodynamic parameters and authentication by mitigating sensing artifacts, providing robust biometric authentication through synchronized sensor operations.
Implementation Method 1
a first sensor integral or otherwise functionally associated with the composite assembly may be an electrocardiogram (ECG) type sensor which may detect electrical signals generated in connection with and/or during a user's heart beats
Implementation Method 2
a second sensor integral or otherwise functionally associated with the composite assembly may be a photoplethysmogram (PPG) type sensor which may optically sense a user's pulse as blood passes through an arterial of the user
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure concerns a device for sensing at least one biological parameter (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability) of a subject, the device comprising a contact surface configured for being brought into a contact with a skin surface of the subject. The device has at least one light source for illuminating the skin surface through the contact surface along an illumination source optical axis with illumination including at least one sensing wavelength, and at least one detector for detecting a response of said illumination at least at said wavelength, from the skin surface through the contact surface along a detector optical axis, and providing signals configured for determining said biological parameter based thereon, said illumination optical axis forming with said contact surface an acute included angle.