Contactless Card Counter Resynchronization for Cryptographic Authentication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing contactless cards face challenges in data security, authentication, and verification, with vulnerabilities in two-factor authentication systems and reliance on insecure login credentials, leading to potential unauthorized access and time-consuming activation processes.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a cryptographic authentication system for contactless cards using a counter resynchronization process, involving a contactless card with processors and memory, a client application, and servers, where the counter is synchronized and authenticated based on applet reads, ensuring secure communication and verification.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If email or SMS is used for transaction verification, then authentication can be performed, but the system becomes vulnerable to hacking and unauthorized access

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication capabilityVSAvoidsecurity vulnerability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a cryptographic authentication system that acts as an intermediary between the user and the transaction verification process. Instead of relying on vulnerable email or SMS channels, the system uses a contactless card with cryptographic applets that generate and verify authentication codes through secure near-field communication, eliminating the need for insecure external communication channels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/system-dependent authentication methods (email servers, SMS networks) with a self-contained cryptographic system embedded in the contactless card. The card contains cryptographic applets that perform authentication operations locally using cryptographic keys and counters, substituting external communication infrastructure with onboard cryptographic processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Ease of manufacture

If traditional card activation processes are used, then cards can be activated, but the process is time-consuming and requires manual intervention

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecard activation capabilityVSAvoidactivation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables self-service card activation through the contactless card system. When the card is presented to a reader, the cryptographic applet automatically performs authentication using the counter value and cryptographic keys, and the activation process completes without requiring the cardholder to manually call or visit a website. The system autonomously verifies the card's authenticity and activates it

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent incorporates preliminary cryptographic setup during card personalization, where authentication applets and cryptographic keys are pre-configured in the card. This preliminary action ensures that when the card is first used, the authentication and activation processes can proceed immediately without requiring additional setup or manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of operation

If log-in credentials are used for account access, then authentication can be performed, but the system is vulnerable to credential compromise and unauthorized access

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccount access capabilityVSAvoidcredential security
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the authentication capability from vulnerable external credential storage (username/password databases) and embeds it directly in the contactless card through cryptographic applets. The authentication credentials are taken out of the online system and stored securely in the card's embedded memory, protected by cryptographic keys that never leave the card during normal operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a cryptographic copy of the authentication mechanism within the contactless card itself. Rather than relying on external credential verification, the card contains a replicated authentication system with its own cryptographic keys and counter-based authentication logic, allowing it to authenticate itself to the system without transmitting sensitive credentials

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP3861685B1Systems and methods for cryptographic authentication of contactless cards
Publication Date: 2025.09.17 CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC
  • EP3861685B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3861685B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3861685B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Example embodiments of systems and methods for data transmission between a contactless card, a client device, and one or more servers are provided. The memory of the contactless card may include one or more applets and a counter. The client device may be in data communication with the contactless card and one or more servers, and the one or more servers may include an expected counter value. The client device maybe configured to read the counter from the contactless card and transmit it to the one or more servers. The one or more servers may compare the counter to the expected counter value for synchronization. The contactless card and the one or more servers may resynchronize the counter, via one or more processes, based on one or more reads of the one or more applets. The one or more servers may authenticate the contactless card based on the resynchronization.