Energy Storage Container Fire Suppression for Early Thermal Runaway Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current fire detection and extinguishing systems for energy storage containers rely on temperature and smoke sensitivity, which leads to late detection of thermal runaway, and use ineffective fire extinguishing agents that cannot prevent battery reignition, resulting in incomplete fire control and potential secondary disasters.
Innovation Solution
A hierarchical fire extinguishing system using multi-component agents, including a perfluorohexanone fire subsystem for zoned full submerged extinguishing and a water fire subsystem for direct injection into battery boxes, with a three-level warning mechanism to detect thermal runaway characteristics like smoke, temperature, CO, and VOC, and implement full flood irrigated water and submerged space-level fire prevention.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If typical thermal detector and smoke detector are used for fire detection, then the fire alarm system can be implemented according to national standards, but the detection is late and occurs only after complete thermal runaway
Solution Approach 1:
The fire detection system is segmented into multiple detection layers: PACK-level detectors inside battery boxes, cluster-level detectors in battery clusters, and cabin-level detectors in the container. This segmentation enables early detection at the source before thermal runaway spreads, resolving the contradiction by detecting fires earlier without requiring more complex single-point detectors
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary detection actions by monitoring multiple parameters (temperature, smoke, CO, VOC) simultaneously at different hierarchical levels before complete thermal runaway occurs. This preliminary multi-parameter monitoring enables early warning and intervention, achieving both early detection and accurate measurement
2Reliability
If conventional fire extinguishing agents like aerosol, dry powder, or heptafluoropropane are used, then fire alarm and linkage control can be implemented, but the agents cannot prevent battery reignition and thermal runaway recurrence
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the parameter of fire extinguishing agent from conventional single-agent (aerosol, dry powder, heptafluoropropane) to multi-component combination (perfluorohexanone + water). This parameter change enables both fire extinguishing and prevention of reignition, as perfluorohexanone suppresses combustion while water cooling prevents thermal runaway recurrence, resolving the contradiction between fire control effectiveness and preventing secondary harmful effects
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing system uses composite fire suppression approach by combining perfluorohexanone (for combustion suppression and electrical insulation) with water (for cooling and heat absorption). This composite approach simultaneously achieves fire extinguishing and prevention of battery reignition, eliminating the harmful effect of secondary thermal runaway while maintaining reliable fire control
3Device complexity
If fire detection relies on temperature and smoke sensitivity only, then the system structure remains simple, but thermal runaway cannot be detected early enough
Solution Approach 1:
The fire detection system achieves multi-functionality by having detectors monitor multiple parameters simultaneously (temperature, smoke, CO, VOC) at different hierarchical levels. This universal detection capability enables early thermal runaway detection without significantly increasing device complexity, as the same detector infrastructure performs multiple detection functions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves early and accurate detection of thermal runaway, effectively extinguishes fires, prevents secondary reignition, and provides comprehensive fire protection by using perfluorohexanone and municipal tap water to cool and inhibit electrochemical reactions within the battery container.
Implementation Method 1
采用多组分消防介质组合使用方案，通过消防联动控制策略，向电池箱内直接喷射自来水，向电池舱内喷射全氟己酮消防介质
Implementation Method 2
向电池箱内直接喷射自来水，实现FULL FLOOD IRRIAGTED PACK级水消防
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container which includes a fire control main engine, a cluster-level and cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire subsystem for implementing the cabin-level perfluorohexanone fire prevention, and a PACK-level water fire subsystem for implementing the water fire prevention in a battery box. According to the fire extinguishing system for an energy storage container, the present disclosure also provides a fire pre-warning control method for an energy storage container. The fire extinguishing system and the fire pre-warning control method provided by the present disclosure adopt a combined use of multi-component fire extinguishing agents and can implement a full flood irrigated PACK-level water fire prevention and a full submerged space-level perfluorohexanone fire prevention.