Controllable Capacitor Resonance Frequency Leakage Current
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current capacitors are limited by the properties of dielectric materials, with restricted dielectric permittivity and maximum charge, leading to significant leakage current and uncontrolled discharge, and lack the ability to tap hidden material properties through excitation frequencies.
Innovation Solution
A capacitor device with at least two primary electrodes, a dielectric layer, and an additional electrode for controlling polarization and dielectric permittivity by exciting with an excitation frequency, along with a component protection module that supplies modulation signals based on discharging current information, and an analyzer to regulate the dielectric layer for increased capacitance and energy density.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional dielectric materials are used in capacitors, then the structure is simple, but the dielectric permittivity is limited and leakage current is significant
Solution Approach 1:
The capacitor is divided into multiple functional layers: primary electrodes, dielectric layer with ferroelectric nanoparticles, and an additional electrode. This segmentation allows each layer to perform specific functions - the ferroelectric nanoparticles provide high dielectric permittivity while the additional electrode enables active control of polarization, together resolving the contradiction between simple structure and low leakage current
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electrical parameters of the dielectric layer by introducing ferroelectric nanoparticles and applying external electric fields through the additional electrode. This allows dynamic adjustment of dielectric permittivity and polarization state, enabling low leakage current operation while maintaining structural feasibility
2Quantity of substance
If the dielectric layer is excited at resonance frequency, then the dielectric permittivity and energy density increase, but the device complexity increases due to additional electrode and control module
Solution Approach 1:
The additional electrode serves multiple functions: it acts as an electrode for charge storage, applies excitation signals at resonance frequency to enhance dielectric permittivity, and enables active control of polarization. This multi-functionality increases energy density while minimizing the increase in device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies electrical excitation at the resonance frequency of the dielectric layer to induce dipole oscillations. This resonant excitation dramatically increases dielectric permittivity and energy density. The additional electrode and component protection module are designed to deliver this excitation efficiently without excessive complexity
3Quantity of substance
If the capacitor stores maximum charge, then the energy storage capacity increases, but uncontrolled discharge creates significant leakage current
Solution Approach 1:
The component protection module monitors the charge state of the capacitor and provides feedback control. It detects when the capacitor approaches maximum charge and adjusts the excitation signal accordingly, preventing uncontrolled discharge. This feedback mechanism enables safe operation at high charge levels while maintaining reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The additional electrode applies preliminary excitation signals to the dielectric layer before full charging occurs. This pre-conditioning establishes optimal polarization states that enable higher charge storage capacity while preventing the conditions that lead to uncontrolled discharge and leakage current
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances dielectric permittivity and energy density by resonating the dielectric layer at its resonance frequency, achieving higher capacitance and reducing leakage current, while the component protection module ensures secure and efficient operation.
Implementation Method 1
resonating the dielectric layer at its resonance frequency
Implementation Method 2
exciting with at least an excitation frequency of the dielectric material
Data Source
Figure 1
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AI summary
A controllable supercapacitor comprising at least two primary electrodes, at least one dielectric layer of a dielectric material, at least one additional electrode for controlling polarization and dielectric permittivity of the dielectric material by exciting with at least an excitation frequency of the dielectric material. A component protection module comprises an output modulator, which supplies an output modulation signal to the additional electrode based on discharging current information and based on the exciting frequency.