Multilevel Converter Mid-Point Voltage Balancing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Multi-level power converting apparatuses face challenges in balancing voltages at the capacitive mid-point due to imbalances caused by excess current, which existing solutions either require additional elements like resistors or rely on complex control modulation.

Innovation Solution

A power converting apparatus with capacitors in series and an electronic converter that uses a controller to modify the current at the mid-point by displacing voltage wave edges based on the direction and value of the output current, effectively balancing the voltage by adjusting the modulation to compensate for imbalances between capacitors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If additional elements like resistors are used to balance voltage at the mid-point, then voltage balancing is achieved, but device complexity and energy loss increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage balancingVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses its own output current information to automatically balance the mid-point voltage through controller adjustment of voltage wave edges, eliminating the need for external balancing elements like resistors. The converter balances itself by utilizing existing components and control capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The controller dynamically adjusts the edges of voltage waves by varying modulation parameters based on detected output current characteristics and mid-point voltage imbalance, achieving voltage balancing through parameter optimization rather than additional hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If additional elements like resistors are used to balance voltage at the mid-point, then voltage balancing is achieved, but energy loss increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage balancingVSAvoidenergy loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses its own output current information to automatically balance the mid-point voltage through controller adjustment of voltage wave edges, eliminating the need for external balancing elements like resistors. The converter balances itself by utilizing existing components and control capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The controller dynamically adjusts the edges of voltage waves by varying modulation parameters based on detected output current characteristics and mid-point voltage imbalance, achieving voltage balancing through parameter optimization rather than additional hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If complex control modulation is used to balance voltage without additional elements, then device complexity is reduced, but control complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidcontrol complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses its own output current information to automatically balance the mid-point voltage through controller adjustment of voltage wave edges, eliminating the need for external balancing elements like resistors. The converter balances itself by utilizing existing components and control capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The controller continuously monitors the mid-point voltage imbalance and output current characteristics, then adjusts the voltage wave edges accordingly to maintain voltage balancing. This closed-loop feedback control achieves automatic adaptation without requiring complex external balancing circuits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP2555411B1Power converting apparatus
Publication Date: 2013.06.12 INGETEAM TECH SA
  • EP2555411B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2555411B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2555411B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

Power converting apparatus that comprises a plurality of capacitors (C1, C2) disposed in series on the direct-voltage side, and an electronic power converter (1) for converting the direct voltage supplied by the capacitors (C1, C2) into at least one alternating-voltage signal by means of a determined modulation, the alternating-voltage signal comprising at least one phase represented by a voltage wave that comprises a plurality of voltage levels dependent on the number of capacitors (C1, C2) on the direct-voltage side, switching from one level to another by means of a sidewall (2) dependent on the modulation. The apparatus comprises a controller for modifying the current (im) at a connection mid-point (O) between every two capacitors (C1, C2) in accordance with the direction of the slope and the value of at least one output current of the apparatus.