Converter Submodule Circuit With Split Inductor and Crowbar Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Converter systems face significant destruction and safety risks due to high current discharges when power semiconductor switches fail, leading to potential chain reactions and hazardous conditions.

Innovation Solution

A submodule design incorporating a series-connected switching circuit with an energy storage circuit, split inductor, and crowbar thyristor system to manage and dissipate excess energy, reducing the risk of catastrophic failures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If the capacity of the energy storage device is increased, then the energy storage capacity of the submodule is improved, but the destruction risk and housing strength requirements worsen due to higher discharge currents in fault conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy storage capacityVSAvoiddestruction risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A current limiting inductor is introduced as an intermediary element between the energy storage device and the power semiconductor switches. This inductor acts as a mediator that allows normal energy transfer while blocking excessive discharge currents during faults, thus enabling higher energy storage capacity without proportionally increasing destruction risk.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The submodule housing is designed with enhanced strength and protection measures in advance to withstand the expected increased mechanical stress and thermal loads from higher energy storage devices. This preparatory reinforcement cushions against potential destruction risks before faults occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Use of energy by moving object

If the capacity of the energy storage device is increased, then the energy storage capacity is improved, but the housing strength requirements increase leading to higher device complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy storage capacityVSAvoidhousing strength requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The current limiting inductor serves as a protective intermediary that reduces the peak discharge current magnitude. This allows the housing to be designed with moderate strength requirements while still protecting against damage, even when using high-capacity energy storage devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If the housing strength is increased to prevent hazardous failures, then the safety during operation is improved, but the energy storage capacity is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety during operationVSAvoidenergy storage capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The current limiting inductor is positioned between the energy storage device and the switching circuit to act as a protective mediator. It allows the use of higher energy storage capacities while maintaining safety, as the inductor naturally limits fault currents without requiring excessive housing reinforcement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The inductance value of the current limiting inductor is carefully selected to provide adequate current limitation during faults while minimizing impact on normal operation. By optimizing this parameter, the system achieves both high energy storage capacity and operational safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Object-affected harmful factors

If current limiting measures are implemented, then the destruction risk is reduced, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedestruction riskVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

A single current limiting inductor is introduced as a simple intermediary element that provides passive current limitation during faults. This straightforward approach reduces destruction risk without significantly increasing device complexity, as the inductor integrates seamlessly into the existing circuit topology.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The submodule effectively limits current surges and prevents hazardous explosions, allowing for increased energy storage capacity while maintaining system safety.

Implementation Method 1

a split inductor, which is connected in series with the first capacitor, and which is adapted for limiting current amplitudes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

a first crowbar, which is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and which is adapted to dissipate energy from the first capacitor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP4625793A1Submodule for a converter system
Publication Date: 2025.10.01 HITACHI ENERGY LTD
  • EP4625793A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4625793A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4625793A1 patent drawing

AI summary

Submodule (10) for a converter system (100) comprising a first connecting terminal (11), a second connecting terminal (12), a switching circuit (20) with a first power semiconductor switch (21) and a second power semiconductor switch (22), which are connected in series and can be turned on and off. The first connecting terminal (11) is connected to the node between the first power semiconductor switch (21) and the second power semiconductor switch (22). The submodule (10) further comprises an energy storage circuit (30) connected in parallel with the switching circuit (20): The energy storage circuit (30) comprises a first capacitor (31) with a first capacitance (311), a split inductor (32), which is connected in series with the first capacitor (31) and adapted for limiting current amplitudes and a second capacitor (41) with a second capacitance (411) acting as part of a commutating system (40), wherein the second capacitor (41) is arranged in parallel to the switching circuit (20) and in parallel to the first capacitor (31) and the split inductor (32). The submodule (10) further comprising a first crowbar (50), which is connected in parallel with the first capacitor (31) and which is adapted to dissipate energy from the first capacitor (31), comprising a first bypass thyristor (51) .