Switched Mode Power Converter Short Circuit Protection
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Solution Overview
Problem
DC-DC power converters face significant challenges in protecting against short circuits, which can lead to substantial currents that damage the power source, and existing solutions are not cost and power efficient.
Innovation Solution
A switched mode power converter with an inductive and capacitive element configuration, controlled by a power switch and auxiliary switch, decouples ports in case of a short circuit, using a control unit to manage commutation cycles and detect short circuits, thereby providing efficient protection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a short circuit protection circuit is added to the power converter, then the reliability is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the short circuit protection function with the existing power conversion circuit by utilizing the existing capacitor and inductor in the power converter circuit. The protection mechanism is integrated into the normal operation circuitry, allowing the same components to serve dual purposes: power conversion during normal operation and short circuit protection during fault conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a self-service protection mechanism where the control unit automatically detects short circuit conditions and activates the protection mode without external intervention. The system uses its own operational parameters (current levels, voltage drops) to trigger the protection response, eliminating the need for separate protection circuits or external monitoring devices.
2Reliability
If traditional short circuit protection methods are used, then the reliability is improved, but the power efficiency deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic switching between normal operation mode and protection mode based on real-time detection of short circuit conditions. The control unit continuously monitors circuit parameters and dynamically adjusts the switching state of the power converter components, enabling the system to maintain high efficiency during normal operation while providing protection when needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The protection mechanism is designed to minimize disruption to the power conversion function. During normal operation, all circuit components remain active and efficient. When a short circuit is detected, the protection mode is activated selectively, and the system can quickly return to normal operation once the fault is cleared, maintaining continuous useful action with minimal interruption.
3Reliability
If existing short circuit protection circuits are implemented, then the reliability is improved, but the cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves multi-functionality by designing the power converter components to serve both power conversion and short circuit protection functions. The existing capacitor, inductor, and switching elements are utilized for protection purposes without requiring additional dedicated protection components, thereby reducing overall system cost while maintaining reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The control unit implements software-based protection logic that leverages existing low-cost microcontroller capabilities. Rather than implementing expensive hardware protection circuits, the solution uses affordable digital processing to detect and respond to short circuit conditions, significantly reducing the bill of materials cost.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively decouples ports during short circuits, preventing damage and maintaining power efficiency while being cost-effective, ensuring reliable and safe operation of the power converter.
Implementation Method 1
The power converter comprises a capacitive element (e.g. a capacitor) having a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the capacitive element is coupled (e.g. directly coupled) to the power switch, and wherein, the second side of the capacitive element is coupled (e.g. via a second power switch or diode) to the second port of the power converter.
Data Source
AI summary
A switched mode power converter is described, configured to convert electrical power between a first voltage at a first port and a second voltage at a second port, where the first and second voltages are relative to a reference potential. The power converter comprises an inductive element having a first side and a second side, where the first side of the inductive element is coupled to the first port. The power converter comprises a power switch configured to couple or to decouple the second side of the inductive element to or from the reference potential. The power converter comprises a capacitive element having a first side and a second side, where the first side of the capacitive element is coupled to the power switch and the second side of the capacitive element is coupled to the second port. The power converter comprises an auxiliary switch configured to couple or to decouple the second side of the capacitive element to or from the reference potential. The power converter comprises a control unit configured to control the power switch and the auxiliary switch in a repetitive manner to convert electrical power.