Convex Indexable Milling Insert for Balanced High-Feed Cutting Forces

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing indexable cutting inserts for face milling at high feed rates face challenges in achieving balanced cutting force distribution and long tool life, particularly in powder metallurgy manufacturing processes, where uniformity of shrinkage and pressure distribution are critical for service life and stability.

Innovation Solution

The design of an indexable cutting insert with continuously convex cutting edges, a square basic shape, and a specific chamfer configuration, along with main and secondary surfaces that control pressure distribution during sintering, ensures a balanced force distribution and enhanced stability, allowing for longer service life and reduced flank wear.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If cutting inserts are manufactured by powder metallurgy process, then manufacturing complexity is reduced and production efficiency is improved, but uniformity of shrinkage and pressure distribution during sintering becomes difficult to control, leading to reduced service life

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction efficiencyVSAvoiduniformity of shrinkage and pressure distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The cutting insert employs a continuously convex curve design for its cutting edges and overall geometry. This curved configuration distributes pressure more uniformly during the powder metallurgy sintering process, preventing localized stress concentrations that would cause non-uniform shrinkage. The convex geometry ensures homogeneous densification throughout the insert body, resolving the contradiction between production efficiency and manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention modifies the geometric parameters of the cutting insert by implementing continuous convex curves instead of straight or angular edges. This parameter change fundamentally alters the pressure distribution pattern during sintering, transforming the stress field to achieve uniform shrinkage. The specific curvature radius and convex profile are optimized to ensure homogeneous material densification while maintaining manufacturing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If large feed rates are used in face milling, then productivity is improved, but cutting force distribution on the cutting edge becomes unbalanced, leading to reduced service life

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeed rateVSAvoidcutting force distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The continuously convex curved cutting edge geometry distributes the cutting forces more evenly along the entire cutting edge length during high feed rate milling. The convex curve ensures that no single point bears excessive load, creating a balanced force distribution that prevents premature wear and extends service life while maintaining high productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The cutting insert features locally optimized convex curved sections along the cutting edges, where each section is specifically shaped to distribute forces uniformly in its local region. This local quality enhancement ensures that every point on the cutting edge experiences balanced loading conditions, enabling sustained high feed rate operation without compromising service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional cutting insert geometries are used, then ease of manufacture is maintained, but tool stability and service life are reduced due to non-uniform pressure distribution during sintering

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidtool stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The continuously convex curved geometry, while more complex than conventional straight-edged inserts, can be manufactured using standard powder metallurgy forming techniques. The curved shapes are achieved through appropriate die design and pressing processes, maintaining ease of manufacture. Simultaneously, this geometry ensures uniform pressure distribution during sintering, dramatically improving tool stability and service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the geometric parameters from conventional straight lines and sharp corners to continuous convex curves. This parameter transformation maintains compatibility with existing powder metallurgy manufacturing processes while fundamentally improving pressure distribution uniformity during sintering, thereby enhancing tool stability without sacrificing manufacturing ease.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration achieves a homogeneous pressure distribution during sintering, leading to increased tool stability and extended service life, even under high feed rates, while maintaining a robust design with multiple usable cutting edges.

Implementation Method 1

Indexable cutting inserts made of hard metal (cemented carbide) or cermet are usually manufactured in a powder metallurgical manufacturing process from starting powders that are mixed according to the desired composition, pressed into the desired shape in a die and then sintered to form solid bodies. When the pressed green body is sintered, the material is compressed, which is accompanied by shrinkage, the uniformity of this shrinkage being strongly influenced by the geometry of the green body and the pressure distribution achieved during pressing.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP3107676B1Indexable cutting insert and milling tool
Publication Date: 2021.09.29 CERATIZIT AUSTRIA GES
  • EP3107676B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3107676B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3107676B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to an indexable cutting insert (1) for face milling with large advancing motions, comprising: a top side (2); a bottom side (3), which has a smaller outer perimeter than the top side (2); and lateral surfaces (4) that connect the top side (2) and the bottom side (3). At the transition between the lateral surfaces (4) and the top side (2), rounded cutting corners (6) are formed, which are connected by means of convexly bulging cutting edges (5), which each extend from one cutting corner (6) to an adjacent cutting corner (6) in a convexly curved manner. Adjacently to the cutting edges (5), the lateral surfaces (4) have main flank faces (4a), which extend along the respective cutting edge (5) in a continuously convexly curved manner from one cutting corner (6) to an adjacent cutting corner (6). The main flank faces (4a) extend in the direction of the bottom side (3) only over part of the height of the lateral surfaces (4) and transition into inwardly back-set secondary faces (4b, 4c) in a stepped manner.