Electrochemical Cell Cooling Circuit Homogenization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrochemical reactors, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, face challenges in maintaining homogeneous temperature distribution across the cell, leading to spatial variations in heat removal and potential mechanical stress, which can degrade the cell's mechanical strength and reduce its lifespan.

Innovation Solution

A method is proposed to determine the spatial distribution of a parameter representative of local heat removal within a bipolar plate of an electrochemical cell, involving the measurement and simulation of thermal quantities to achieve a setpoint temperature distribution, thereby optimizing the cooling circuit's hydraulic resistance and flow rate to prevent hot spots and inhomogeneities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If a conventional cooling circuit with uniform hydraulic resistance is used, then the device structure is simple, but the temperature distribution becomes inhomogeneous with local hot spots

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature distribution homogeneityVSAvoidcooling circuit structure
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by varying the hydraulic resistance at different locations within the cooling circuit. Specifically, the bipolar plate incorporates regions with different channel geometries, widths, or obstructions to create spatially non-uniform flow resistance. This ensures that the coolant flow rate is higher in regions with higher heat generation, thereby achieving homogeneous temperature distribution across the electrochemical cell.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Temperature

If the cooling circuit is designed to achieve homogeneous temperature distribution, then the temperature homogeneity is improved, but the manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocal temperature uniformityVSAvoidbipolar plate fabrication
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling circuit is segmented into multiple regions, each with tailored hydraulic resistance characteristics. The bipolar plate is divided into zones corresponding to different heat generation areas, with each zone having optimized channel dimensions or flow control features. This segmentation allows independent optimization of each region while maintaining overall manufacturability through modular design approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Loss of energy

If the coolant flow rate is increased to remove more heat, then the heat removal efficiency is improved, but the mechanical stress on cell components increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat removal efficiencyVSAvoidmechanical stress on cell components
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of uniformly increasing the coolant flow rate across the entire cell, the patent implements local quality by creating regions of varied hydraulic resistance. This allows the coolant flow rate to be locally optimized: higher flow rates are directed to regions with higher heat generation where enhanced heat removal is needed, while regions with lower heat generation maintain lower flow rates, thereby reducing overall mechanical stress on cell components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures a homogeneous temperature distribution across the electrochemical cell, reducing mechanical stress and extending its operational lifespan by effectively managing local heat removal and distribution.

Implementation Method 1

evacuate the heat produced locally during the reaction by the cell... a cooling circuit formed by a network of internal ducts which ensure the flow of a heat transfer fluid making it possible to evacuate the heat produced locally during the reaction by the cell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

a phase of numerical simulation by computer of the second thermal quantity, on said mesh, by resolution of a discrete numerical model expressing the second thermal quantity as a function of the local temperature and of the first thermal quantity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNumerical simulation:

Data Source

PatentEP3145011B1Determination of a spatial distribution of a heat-discharge parameter of an electrochemical cell
Publication Date: 2018.06.13 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP3145011B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP3145011B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3145011B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for determining a spatial distribution Rhx,yf of a parameter of interest (Rh) representative of a heat evacuation within a bipolar plate of an electrochemical cell, in which a spatial distribution Rhx,yf of the parameter of interest (Rh) is determined as a function of the spatial distribution Dx,ye of a second thermal quantity (De) previously estimated from the spatial distribution Tx,yc of a setpoint temperature (Tc) and the spatial distribution Qx,yr of a first thermal quantity (Qr).