Copper Nanoparticle DNA Detection via Fluorescence
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting target DNA lack sensitivity and specificity, particularly in distinguishing between deletion and duplication types, which is crucial for diagnosing conditions like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and existing DNA-templated fluorescent probes are not efficient in differentiating between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA.
Innovation Solution
A method involving oligonucleotides with specific sequences (SEQ ID NO: 1) is used to form copper nanoparticles through PCR amplification with copper ions and a reducing agent, resulting in fluorescence emission that differentiates between target DNA types, specifically detecting exons of the DMD gene.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional fluorescent probes are used for DNA detection, then the detection process is simple, but the sensitivity and specificity are insufficient to distinguish between deletion and duplication types
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs fluorescent metal nanoparticles that exhibit distinct fluorescence emissions at different wavelengths (e.g., 580 nm for deletion type, 650 nm for duplication type). This color/ wavelength change mechanism enables highly specific differentiation between target DNA types, directly resolving the contradiction by providing superior measurement precision through optical signal variation.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses composite structures combining DNA templates with metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold, silver, copper) to create fluorescent probes. These composite materials exhibit enhanced fluorescent properties compared to conventional probes, enabling simultaneous achievement of high sensitivity, specificity, and differentiated signal detection for various DNA types.
2Productivity
If existing DNA-templated fluorescent probes are used, then the synthesis is efficient and rapid, but the probes cannot effectively differentiate between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs probes with specific local structural features, such as poly-thymine sequences or hairpin structures, that selectively interact with either double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. This local quality differentiation enables the probes to distinguish between DNA strand types while maintaining the rapid synthesis advantages of DNA-templated nanoparticle formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes wavelength-specific fluorescence emissions to indicate different DNA binding states. For example, distinct emission wavelengths signal differentiation between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA interactions, providing measurement precision without compromising synthesis efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a sensitive and specific biosensing method for detecting target DNA, enabling effective differentiation between deletion and duplication types, enhancing the diagnosis of DMD by producing distinct fluorescent signals for accurate genotype analysis.
Implementation Method 1
chemical reduction of the DNA-complexed metal ions
Implementation Method 2
resulting in fluorescence emission
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1. The invention also provides method for detecting target DNA in a sample with the oligonucleotide.