Copper Oxide Electrodes for CO2 Reduction Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current electrolyzers for CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons are inefficient, using rare metals and achieving low energy efficiencies of up to 12.2%, with a need for a cost-effective system that can produce high-value hydrocarbons with improved energetic efficiency.

Innovation Solution

An electrolysis device with copper-based electrodes having a high specific surface area, where both the anode and cathode are coated with a copper oxide-based catalyst, using a salt of hydrogen carbonate and carbonate solutions, and applying an electrical current to reduce CO2 into hydrocarbons with high selectivity for ethane and ethylene.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If rare metal electrodes (iridium oxide) are used for CO2 reduction, then high stability and selectivity are achieved, but the system becomes expensive and energy efficiency remains low (10.3-12.2%)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrode stabilityVSAvoidsystem cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive rare metal electrodes (iridium oxide) with cheap copper-based electrodes that can be easily manufactured. The copper electrodes achieve comparable stability and selectivity through optimized surface area and catalyst composition, eliminating the need for costly rare metals while maintaining reliable hydrocarbon production

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrode material parameters from rare metals to copper-based materials, and optimizes the catalyst composition (Cu, Zn, Al, Si, Mg, Ca, Na, K, and/or P) and surface area (≥1 m²) to achieve high stability and selectivity without using expensive iridium oxide

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If earth-abundant catalysts (Fe, Co, Sn, Cu) are used for CO2 reduction, then low cost is achieved, but only carbon monoxide is produced with lower added value

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem costVSAvoidproduct value
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating specific active sites on the copper electrode surface through oxidation (Cu(I) and Cu(II) species) and optimizing the local catalyst composition. This localized optimization enables the electrode to produce high-value hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene) rather than just carbon monoxide, while maintaining the use of cheap earth-abundant copper material

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite catalyst materials containing copper combined with other metals (Zn, Al, Si, Mg, Ca, Na, K, and/or P) to enhance the production of high-value hydrocarbons. The composite structure creates synergistic effects that improve product distribution toward higher-value hydrocarbons while maintaining low system cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Productivity

If high current density is applied for fast CO2 reduction, then productivity is improved, but energy efficiency decreases due to increased overpotential

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveCO2 reduction rateVSAvoidenergy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the electrode surface area parameter to be very high (≥1 m²), which allows achieving high productivity at lower current densities. The increased surface area provides more active sites for CO2 reduction, enabling high reaction rates without excessive overpotential, thus maintaining energy efficiency while improving productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system achieves a 21% energy efficiency for CO2 conversion to hydrocarbons, using non-noble metal-based catalysts, significantly reducing costs and operational complexity, while maintaining high selectivity and stability.

Implementation Method 1

applying an electrical current between the anode and the cathode in order to reduce the carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reduction: Electrolysis

Implementation Method 2

the electrocatalysts used on the anodic side where water oxidation occurs (also called Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER))

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxygen evolution reaction: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

applying an electrical current between the anode and the cathode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP3656892B1Method for co2 reduction into hydrocarbons
Publication Date: 2023.06.07 PARIS SCI & LETTRES
  • EP3656892B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3656892B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(c)
  • EP3656892B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b

AI summary

The present invention relates to an electrolysis device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode each are an electrode comprising an electrically conductive support of which at least a part of the surface is covered by a metal deposit of copper, wherein the surface of the metal deposit is in an oxidized, sulfurated, selenated and/or tellurized form and the metal deposit has a specific surface area greater than or equal to 1 m2/g. The present invention relates also to a method for reducing CO2 into hydrocarbons using an electrolysis device according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises: a) providing an electrolysis device according to the invention; b) exposing the cathode of said electrolysis device to a CO2-containing aqueous catholyte solution; c) exposing the anode of said electrolysis device to an aqueous anolyte solution; and d) applying an electrical current between the anode and the cathode in order to reduce the carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons.