Core Electron Spectrum Evaluation via DFT Phase Matching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for evaluating fuselage electron spectra, such as XPS and ESCA, are complex, often lead to false results, and require extensive user experience, making them non-automated and time-consuming.

Innovation Solution

A procedure that involves constructing an adaptation function based on elementary phase spectra and approximation functions, using concentration-weighted linear combinations of phase spectra to represent mixed spectra, and iteratively refining this function until minimal residual deviations are achieved.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional fitting procedures and comparison with literature data are used, then qualitative elemental analysis can be obtained, but the chemical-structural interpretation becomes very complex and often leads to incorrect results

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechemical-structural interpretation accuracyVSAvoidevaluation procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent inverts the conventional approach by instead of comparing measured spectra with literature data, it calculates theoretical phase spectra from first principles (DFT) and compares these with measured spectra. This reversal eliminates dependency on incomplete literature databases and enables automated, accurate chemical-structural interpretation of core electron spectra.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The evaluation method uses self-service by automatically performing DFT calculations to generate theoretical phase spectra, autonomously comparing them with measured data, and iteratively refining the fit without requiring external literature data or user expertise. The system serves itself by generating all necessary reference data through first-principles calculations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Loss of information

If extensive fitting procedures and comparison with literature data are performed, then chemical-structural information can be extracted, but the process becomes highly dependent on user experience and cannot be automated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechemical-structural information extractionVSAvoidevaluation process automation
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSExtent of automation

Solution Approach 1:

The evaluation method uses self-service by automatically performing DFT calculations to generate theoretical phase spectra, autonomously comparing them with measured data, and iteratively refining the fit without requiring external literature data or user expertise. The system serves itself by generating all necessary reference data through first-principles calculations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/manual process of expert-driven spectrum interpretation with an automated computational system based on DFT calculations and iterative fitting algorithms. This substitution eliminates the need for user experience while maintaining or improving interpretation accuracy through systematic, reproducible computational procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If own measurement data with sufficient accuracy is collected, then reliable evaluation can be performed, but the process is labor-intensive and time-consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectrum measurement accuracyVSAvoidevaluation speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating theoretical phase spectra using DFT for all possible phases before the actual spectrum evaluation. This preparation eliminates the need for time-consuming measurement of reference spectra and enables rapid automated comparison with measured data, significantly improving evaluation speed while maintaining accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The method changes parameters by using calculated binding energies and chemical shifts from DFT as fixed inputs for constructing theoretical phase spectra, rather than treating them as variable fitting parameters. This parameter fixation reduces the complexity of the fitting procedure and accelerates the evaluation process while maintaining precision through the accuracy of first-principles calculations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Adaptability or versatility

If databases with reference data for known structures are used, then spectrum interpretation can be performed, but databases only contain reference data for approximately 5% of known structures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage of known structuresVSAvoidreference data completeness
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The evaluation method uses self-service by automatically performing DFT calculations to generate theoretical phase spectra, autonomously comparing them with measured data, and iteratively refining the fit without requiring external literature data or user expertise. The system serves itself by generating all necessary reference data through first-principles calculations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent achieves universality by using DFT calculations to generate theoretical phase spectra for any crystal structure, making the method applicable to all known structures rather than being limited to the 5% covered by literature databases. This first-principles approach provides universal coverage for any material phase, enabling interpretation of spectra for previously unknown or undocumented structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for quick and automated interpretation of complex fuselage electron spectra, providing precise binding energies and chemical shifts, and enabling the identification of phases not previously detected, while also handling temperature-dependent changes in spectra.

Implementation Method 1

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, often also electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, ESCA) is an established and widely used method from the group of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3803357B1Method for evaluating core level spectra
Publication Date: 2025.05.07 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH
  • EP3803357B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3803357B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3803357B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to methods for an ab initio evaluation of an core electron spectrum of a chemical sample, and in particular a spectrum generated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA) by constructing a fit function on the basis of the phase spectra conceivable from elementary chemistry and approximating the fit function to the measured core electron spectrum for ascertaining the phases, with their concentration part, contained in the sample. Moreover, the invention relates to a computer program product that can be loaded directly into a memory unit and that comprises software portions by means of which the method according to the invention can be executed on an evaluation computer.