Core-Shell Battery Particles for High-Temperature Flame Retardant Release
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium secondary batteries face instability and risk of ignition or explosion when exposed to high temperatures due to side reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes, primarily because they use flammable solvents, which reduces their energy density and thermal stability.
Innovation Solution
A core-shell particle is developed, comprising a porous substrate like zeolite coated with a thermoplastic polymer shell, which absorbs the electrolyte and releases a flame retardant at high temperatures to suppress side reactions, thereby enhancing thermal stability without compromising capacity retention.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If a flammable solvent is used as the electrolyte to achieve high energy density, then the battery capacity is improved, but the thermal stability deteriorates when exposed to high temperature environments
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a flame retardant as an intermediary substance added to the electrolyte. This flame retardant acts as a mediator that suppresses the harmful side reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes at high temperatures without interfering with the normal battery operation at lower temperatures, thus resolving the contradiction between energy density and thermal stability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by adding specific flame retardants (such as phosphorus-based or nitrogen-based compounds) at controlled concentrations. This parameter change allows the electrolyte to maintain its high energy density characteristics while gaining thermal stability through the suppressive effect of the flame retardant on side reactions
2Use of energy by moving object
If the battery is designed for high energy density using flammable solvents, then the driving range is improved, but the safety deteriorates due to risk of ignition or explosion at high temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful flammability of the electrolyte solvent into a benefit by adding flame retardants that specifically activate or become effective at high temperatures. The flame retardant transforms the potential harm of high-temperature exposure into a protective mechanism that suppresses side reactions and prevents ignition, while maintaining the high energy density needed for extended driving range
3Reliability
If thermal stability is improved by adding flame retardants to the electrolyte, then the safety is improved, but the capacity retention rate deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the flame retardant property locally to specific regions or conditions. The flame retardant is designed to primarily act at high temperatures where side reactions occur, rather than uniformly affecting all battery operations. This localized action allows thermal stability improvement without significant impact on capacity retention during normal operating conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a controlled, partial amount of flame retardant in the electrolyte composition. By optimizing the concentration of the flame retardant, the patent achieves sufficient thermal stability improvement while minimizing any potential negative impact on capacity retention. The flame retardant content is carefully balanced to provide protection without excessive interference with normal battery function
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The core-shell particle effectively prevents ignition or explosion by absorbing the electrolyte and releasing a flame retardant at high temperatures, maintaining the battery's capacity retention and thermal stability, even under extreme conditions.
Implementation Method 1
the porous substrate included in the core adsorbs the electrolyte, thereby suppressing side reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte
Implementation Method 2
the shell is decomposed when the secondary battery is exposed to a high-temperature environment, and the porous substrate included in the core adsorbs the electrolyte
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a core-shell particle including a core including a porous substrate and a flame retardant, and a shell including a thermoplastic polymer and covering the core, and a secondary battery, a module, and a device including the same.