Coronary Ostial Occlusion Catheter for Controlled Reperfusion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Interventional cardiologists lack the ability to independently control coronary circulation and perfusate composition during percutaneous coronary interventions, leading to reperfusion injury and oxygen-related damage in ischemic tissues, especially when ventricular unloading devices are used.
Innovation Solution
An interventional ostium occlusion catheter with a lumen, positioning, and occlusion components is used to isolate coronary circulation from systemic circulation, allowing controlled delivery of perfusate and manipulation of myocardial oxygen demand, combined with ventricular unloading devices to prevent reoxygenation injury.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If reperfusion is performed to restore blood flow to ischemic myocardium, then oxygen supply to the tissue is improved, but reperfusion injury and oxygen-related damage occur
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter system performs preliminary actions by delivering protective agents (such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, or metabolic modulators) to the ischemic myocardium before reperfusion occurs. This pre-treatment prepares the tissue to withstand the oxidative stress and inflammatory response that will occur during reperfusion, thereby reducing reperfusion injury while maintaining the benefits of restored oxygen supply
Solution Approach 2:
The catheter system introduces intermediary substances (protective pharmacological agents) that act as mediators between the harmful reperfusion process and the vulnerable myocardial tissue. These agents scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit neutrophil activation, or modulate cellular signaling pathways to protect the tissue from reperfusion damage while allowing blood flow restoration
2Use of energy by moving object
If ventricular unloading devices are used to reduce myocardial oxygen demand, then ischemia is mitigated, but control over perfusate composition is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter system segments the coronary circulation control by placing occlusion balloons at specific locations (ostial or mid-vessel) to create isolated segments that can be selectively perfused. This allows the operator to control perfusate composition in specific vascular territories independently, even while ventricular unloading devices are reducing overall myocardial oxygen demand
Solution Approach 2:
The catheter system introduces intermediary perfusion control through occlusion balloons that act as gatekeepers, allowing selective delivery of perfusate with controlled composition to specific coronary territories. This intermediary control mechanism enables precise management of perfusate characteristics independent of the global effects of ventricular unloading
3Object-affected harmful factors
If coronary circulation is isolated to control perfusate composition, then reperfusion injury is prevented, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The catheter system achieves multi-functionality by combining several capabilities in a single device: selective coronary artery engagement, occlusion balloon inflation/deflation, perfusate delivery through integrated lumens, and positioning mechanisms. This universal design allows the catheter to perform multiple functions (isolation, perfusion control, drug delivery) without requiring multiple separate devices, thereby managing complexity while achieving circulation control
Solution Approach 2:
The catheter system employs nesting by placing occlusion balloons and perfusion lumens within the catheter structure in a nested arrangement. The balloons are positioned within the catheter body, and perfusion channels are integrated within the catheter wall, creating a compact nested structure that achieves complex functionality while minimizing overall device size and complexity
Data Source
AI summary
An interventional ostium occlusion catheter includes a catheter tube with at least one port at a first end, a tip at a second end, and a central lumen, with a positioning component and an occlusion component on the surface of the catheter tube close to the tip. A method of coronary intervention using the catheter includes maneuvering the catheter to an ostium; inserting the catheter into a coronary vessel; activating the positioning component and the occlusion component; and delivering an infusion via the lumen. An interventional system for improving management of ischemic cardiac tissue during acute coronary syndromes includes the catheter; a blood infusion device that delivers controlled reperfusate; and a ventricular unloading device that manipulates myocardial oxygen demand in a coronary chamber. The operator can mitigate reperfusion-related and oxygen-related tissue injury by precisely modulating oxygen re-exposure when re-establishing flow and when using a ventricular unloading device.