Coronary Sound Sensing With ECG for Non-Invasive CAD Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting coronary artery disease rely on inefficient and invasive techniques that fail to accurately capture cardiovascular sounds and vibrations, leading to suboptimal diagnosis.
Innovation Solution
A coronary artery disease detection system utilizing auscultatory sound-or-vibration sensors and ECG sensors, coupled with a recording module that preprocesses signals using high-pass filters, controllable gain amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters, to accurately capture and analyze cardiovascular sounds and vibrations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional invasive techniques are used for coronary artery disease detection, then diagnostic capability is achieved, but patient comfort deteriorates and diagnostic accuracy is suboptimal
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces invasive mechanical catheter-based detection systems with non-invasive acoustic and electrical sensing. Auscultatory sound sensors detect cardiovascular sounds externally, while ECG sensors monitor electrical activity, eliminating the need for physical insertion into blood vessels while maintaining diagnostic capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces intermediate sensing mechanisms (acoustic sensors and ECG electrodes) that indirectly detect cardiovascular conditions without direct contact with blood vessels. These intermediaries translate internal physiological signals into measurable external signals, achieving diagnostic accuracy without invasive procedures.
2Device complexity
If simple sensing methods are used, then device complexity is reduced, but signal accuracy deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensing modalities (auscultatory sound sensing and ECG sensing) into a unified detection system. This merging allows the system to capture both acoustic and electrical cardiovascular signals simultaneously, improving diagnostic accuracy while maintaining relatively simple device architecture through integrated signal processing.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the detection system into separate functional modules: acoustic signal acquisition, electrical signal acquisition, and synchronized processing. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently while maintaining overall system simplicity and signal accuracy through coordinated operation.
3Measurement precision
If advanced signal processing is implemented, then diagnostic accuracy is improved, but processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary filtering and preprocessing to acoustic and electrical signals immediately upon acquisition. High-pass filters remove low-frequency noise, and band-pass filters isolate relevant frequency ranges before further analysis, reducing the computational burden of subsequent processing while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements efficient signal processing algorithms that quickly identify characteristic cardiovascular patterns. By focusing computation on detecting specific diagnostic features rather than exhaustive analysis of all signal components, the system achieves high diagnostic accuracy with reduced processing time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively detects coronary artery disease by accurately capturing and analyzing cardiovascular sounds and vibrations, improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
detecting coronary artery disease of a test subject from cardiovascular sounds or vibrations emitted from coronary arteries
Implementation Method 2
preprocessing the signals with a high-pass filter
Implementation Method 3
controllable gain amplifiers
Implementation Method 4
analog-to-digital converters
Implementation Method 5
ECG sensors, coupled with a recording module that preprocesses signals
Data Source
AI summary
An auscultatory sound-or-vibration sensor electronic test signal applied to a sound generator generates an acoustic sound signal, responsive to which an auscultatory sound-or-vibration sensor in proximity to the sound generator generates a corresponding auscultatory sound signal. The auscultatory sound-or-vibration sensor electronic test signal incorporates a plurality of frequency components, each frequency component of which incorporates an integral number of wavelengths and is terminated following a duration of time corresponding to the integral number of wavelengths after that frequency component is applied to the corresponding sound generator. A determination of whether or not the auscultatory sound-or-vibration sensor is functioning properly is made responsive to an analysis of a Fourier Transform of the auscultatory sound signal.