Coupled-Feed Multi-Band Spiral Antenna for Broadband Circular Polarization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antennas face challenges in impedance matching, miniaturization, and channel capacity, particularly for circularly-polarized antennas, which are essential for satellite communication, radar, and unmanned driving applications, due to limitations in design and performance under various polarization modes and climate conditions.
Innovation Solution
A coupled feeding multi-band antenna and circularly-polarized spiral antenna design that includes multiple multi-band antenna groups with a coupled feed-in electrode and grounding branches on a substrate, along with a feeding network featuring a power divider and phase shifter, to achieve broadband performance and improved impedance matching.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a circularly-polarized antenna is designed with traditional feeding structures, then the antenna can achieve circular polarization, but impedance matching becomes difficult and design of feeding networks becomes complex
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple multi-band antenna groups (first, second, third groups) with different polarization orientations. Each group handles specific polarization components, simplifying the overall feeding network design while maintaining circular polarization capability through the combination of orthogonal linearly-polarized groups.
Solution Approach 2:
The coupled feed-in electrode structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides impedance matching for multiple bands, feeds multiple antenna groups with different polarizations, and enables broadband operation. This multi-functional design eliminates the need for separate feeding networks for each antenna group.
2Volume of moving object
If a small-sized circularly-polarized antenna is designed, then the antenna size is reduced, but achieving broadband circular polarization and maintaining performance becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from traditional single-plane antenna design to a three-dimensional configuration with antenna groups arranged in different spatial orientations and polarization planes. This dimensional approach allows compact size while maintaining broadband circular polarization through the combined radiation of orthogonal groups.
Solution Approach 2:
Multiple multi-band antenna groups with different polarization characteristics are nested within a compact substrate structure. The first, second, and third antenna groups are arranged to occupy different spatial regions, enabling broadband circular polarization in a miniaturized form factor.
3Device complexity
If a single-band antenna is used, then the antenna design is simple, but channel capacity is poor and anti-interference ability is weak
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna system is segmented into multiple frequency bands handled by different antenna groups. Each group operates in specific bands with distinct polarization characteristics, enabling multi-band operation that increases channel capacity and provides frequency diversity for improved anti-interference capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna system combines multiple antenna groups with different polarization characteristics (horizontal, vertical, slant polarizations) into a composite structure. This composite approach enables operation across multiple bands and polarization modes, enhancing channel capacity and resistance to polarized interference.
4Ease of manufacture
If traditional feeding structures are used for multi-band antennas, then the design is straightforward, but good impedance matching across multiple bands cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The coupled feed-in electrode acts as an intermediary structure that simultaneously connects to multiple antenna groups with different impedance characteristics. This intermediate feeding structure provides a common reference plane and enables impedance transformation and matching across all bands through its coupled geometry, simplifying the manufacturing process while achieving precise impedance control.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides a coupled feeding multi-band antenna and a coupled feeding multi-band circularly-polarized spiral antenna. The coupled feeding multi-band antenna includes multiple multi-band antenna groups, where each multi-band antenna group forms a multi-band co-feeding antenna with a grounding branch through a coupled feed-in electrode, the coupled feed-in electrode is arranged on one surface of a substrate portion, and the grounding branch is arranged on the other surface of the substrate portion. In this way, a broadband coupled feeding multi-band antenna that meets requirements of people is produced, which not only improves channel capacity and anti-interference ability of an antenna communication system, but also overcomes design difficulties of a feeding network and a feeding structure, achieving good impedance matching and circularly-polarized radiation performance. Furthermore, a small-sized coupled feeding multi-band antenna is achieved, and besides, miniaturization of broadband circular polarization is achieved.