Coupled Inductor Leakage Inductance via Magnetic Core Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Coupled inductors in multi-level power converters face challenges in meeting performance requirements such as system stability, ripple current, and total harmonic distortion due to relatively low leakage inductance, which is insufficient to replace the filter inductor effectively.

Innovation Solution

The design includes a magnetic core with three first magnetic cylinders and two second magnetic cylinders, arranged between opposite magnet yokes, where the magnetic permeability of the first cylinders is greater than that of the second cylinders, and the second cylinders have an interior air gap, increasing leakage inductance to enhance performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a coupled inductor uses multiple windings or coils in a conventional configuration, then the output ripple current is reduced and output frequency is improved, but the leakage inductance remains relatively low and cannot effectively replace the filter inductor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem stabilityVSAvoidleakage inductance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating different magnetic path characteristics in different regions of the magnetic core. Specifically, it designs separate magnetic paths with different reluctance characteristics - one path providing low reluctance for main flux while another path provides high reluctance for leakage flux. This is achieved through the asymmetric arrangement of magnetic cores and air gaps, where certain regions have intentionally increased magnetic resistance to enhance leakage inductance locally without affecting the overall coupling efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a new dimension to the magnetic circuit design by adding a third magnetic core component and creating a three-dimensional magnetic path structure. Instead of conventional planar arrangements, it stacks magnetic cores vertically and creates multiple magnetic paths in different spatial dimensions. This dimensional expansion allows independent control of main flux and leakage flux paths, enabling enhanced leakage inductance while maintaining effective coupling

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Ease of manufacture

If the coupled inductor is designed with conventional magnetic core structures, then the manufacturing process is simple, but additional filter inductors are required increasing system costs and losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing processVSAvoidsystem losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies universality by designing a coupled inductor that simultaneously performs multiple functions: power transfer, ripple current reduction, and filtering. By enhancing the leakage inductance through its special magnetic core structure, the coupled inductor replaces the need for separate filter inductors. The device maintains its primary function of electromagnetic coupling while its leakage inductance is optimized to provide filtering capability, eliminating additional components and reducing system losses

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If conventional coupled inductor designs are used, then the structure is compact, but the leakage inductance is insufficient to meet performance requirements for system stability and harmonic distortion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance requirementsVSAvoidmagnetic core structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the magnetic circuit into distinct segments with different functions. It separates the magnetic core into multiple components (first magnetic core, second magnetic core, third magnetic core) with different roles: some segments provide main magnetic flux paths while others are specifically designed to create leakage flux paths. Air gaps are strategically placed in specific segments to control magnetic reluctance. This segmentation allows independent optimization of coupling efficiency and leakage inductance without requiring complete structural redesign

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces air gaps as intermediary elements between magnetic core segments to control magnetic flux distribution. These air gaps act as mediators that increase magnetic reluctance in specific paths, thereby enhancing leakage inductance. The air gaps are positioned strategically to create high-reluctance paths for leakage flux while maintaining low-reluctance paths for main flux. This intermediary approach allows precise control of magnetic circuit characteristics without fundamentally changing the overall compact structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration increases leakage inductance, improving system stability and meeting performance requirements while reducing system costs and losses, and simplifying the manufacturing process by eliminating the need for additional windings.

Implementation Method 1

the magnetic permeability of the first cylinders is greater than that of the second cylinders

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic permeability: Ferromagnetism

Implementation Method 2

increasing leakage inductance to enhance performance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLeakage inductance: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

the second cylinders have an interior air gap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAir gap: Magnetic Reluctance

Data Source

PatentEP3136404B1Coupling inductor
Publication Date: 2021.03.31 HUAWEI DIGITAL POWER TECH CO LTD
  • EP3136404B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3136404B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3136404B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A coupled inductor and a power converter are disclosed. The coupled inductor includes a magnetic core and at least two windings. The magnetic core includes at least two first magnetic cylinders (111, 112), at least one second magnetic cylinder (121), and two opposite magnet yokes (131, 132), the at least two first magnetic cylinders and the at least one second magnetic cylinder are disposed between the two opposite magnet yokes, the at least two windings (151, 152) are respectively located on the at least two first magnetic cylinders, and the at least two windings are in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least two first magnetic cylinders. Leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is increased by adding a second magnetic cylinder between the opposite magnet yokes of the coupled inductor, thereby meeting a requirement on system stability when the coupled inductor is connected to the power converter.