Electromagnetic Directional Coupler for Wired Pipe Signal Integrity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wired pipe configurations for subterranean drilling and completion operations face challenges in efficient signal transmission across coupled pipe segments, particularly in maintaining signal integrity and power/data communication through threaded connections like pin box connections.
Innovation Solution
A wired pipe assembly incorporating an electromagnetic directional coupler with an input line in one pipe segment and an output line in another, where the output line is grounded via a resistor matching the characteristic wave impedance, allowing partial signal transmission between segments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If threaded pin box connections are used to couple pipe segments, then the pipe segments can be assembled and disconnected, but signal transmission integrity deteriorates due to impedance mismatch and signal loss at the joint
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary impedance matching network at the pin box connection joint, consisting of series inductors and shunt capacitors that mediate between the coaxial cable transmission line and the threaded connection interface. This intermediary structure compensates for the impedance discontinuity caused by the mechanical connection, thereby maintaining signal integrity while allowing assembly and disconnection of pipe segments.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes by adjusting the electrical characteristics (inductance and capacitance values) of the impedance matching components to optimize signal transmission across the joint. By carefully selecting and tuning these electrical parameters, the system achieves impedance matching that minimizes signal reflection and loss at the threaded connection interface.
2Power
If conventional wired pipe configurations are used, then power and data can be transmitted through the pipe, but signal loss increases at the threaded connections between segments
Solution Approach 1:
The impedance matching network acts as an intermediary that reduces signal energy loss at the joint by minimizing reflections and maximizing power transfer. The series inductors and shunt capacitors work together to create a smooth impedance transition, thereby reducing the energy that would otherwise be reflected or dissipated at the threaded connection interface.
Solution Approach 2:
By optimizing the electrical parameters (inductance L and capacitance C values) of the matching network components, the patent achieves minimum signal loss conditions. The parameter selection is based on the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable and the electrical length of the joint, creating an impedance transformation that maximizes power transmission efficiency across the connection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution ensures effective power and data transmission with reduced signal loss, maintaining signal integrity across coupled pipe segments in subterranean drilling operations.
Implementation Method 1
an electromagnetic directional coupler including an input line disposed in the first wired pipe segment and an output line disposed in the second wired pipe segment, wherein the input signal is partially transmitted along the input line
Implementation Method 2
a termination that includes a resistor that matches a characteristic wave impedance of the input signal through the electromagnetic directional coupler
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2~3
Figure 4A~4B
AI summary
A wired pipe assembly includes a first wired pipe segment including a first body extending from a first box end to a first pin end and a second wired pipe segment including a second body extending from a second box end to a second pin end. The assembly also includes an electromagnetic directional coupler including an input line disposed in the first wired pipe segment and an output line disposed in the second wired pipe segment.