4WD Coupling Control for Torque and Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing four-wheel drive transmission systems face challenges in maintaining reliable operation and optimal performance, particularly in extreme conditions, due to the mechanical coupling of axles which can lead to overheating and slippage, compromising both reliability and performance.

Innovation Solution

A method for controlling the mechanical coupling of axles that introduces a '4WD SuperLock' mode, allowing for increased torque transmission beyond the usual maximum, triggered by conditions such as excessive temperature and inter-axle slip, to prevent overheating and slippage, and transitions between modes based on vehicle speed and operational demands.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the mechanical coupling means operates in controlled mode (AWD Auto) to transmit only part of maximum torque, then the reliability is improved by avoiding overheating, but the driving performance deteriorates due to limited torque transmission

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereliability of mechanical coupling meansVSAvoiddriving performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system dynamically switches between multiple operating modes (AWD Auto, 4WD Lock, 2WD) based on real-time detection of temperature, slippage, and driving conditions. This dynamic adaptation allows the mechanical coupling means to optimize between reliability and performance by selecting the appropriate mode for current conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes operational parameters by transitioning between different torque transmission states. In AWD Auto mode, only part of maximum torque is transmitted to protect against overheating. In 4WD Lock mode, full maximum torque is transmitted when conditions permit, thereby improving driving performance without compromising reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If the mechanical coupling means is locked in closed mode (4WD Lock) to transmit entire maximum torque, then the driving performance is improved, but the reliability deteriorates due to overheating and slippage in extreme conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedriving performanceVSAvoidreliability of mechanical coupling means
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses dynamic mode switching to prevent sustained operation in 4WD Lock mode under extreme conditions. The control system continuously monitors temperature and slippage, automatically transitioning from 4WD Lock to AWD Auto or 2WD mode when overheating or excessive slippage is detected, thereby protecting reliability while maintaining performance when conditions allow.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system incorporates feedback mechanisms that detect temperature, slippage between axles, and driving conditions. This feedback enables the control system to make informed decisions about mode selection, preventing operation in 4WD Lock mode when it would compromise reliability due to overheating or excessive slippage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If the detection threshold on slip is modified when brake parking is activated, then the vehicle performance is improved by optimizing slippage, but the complexity of control increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevehicle performanceVSAvoidcomplexity of control system
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies different detection thresholds for different operating conditions. When brake parking is activated, a modified slip detection threshold is applied specifically to that condition, while other conditions use standard thresholds. This localized adaptation improves vehicle performance without requiring complete redesign of the control system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances the reliability and performance of four-wheel drive systems by reducing clutch slippage and heating, extending the lifespan of mechanical components, and enabling efficient torque transfer during challenging conditions like steep slopes, while ensuring the torque applied does not exceed safe limits.

Implementation Method 1

a means for mechanically coupling a front axle to a rear axle (coupler) can operate in three states defining three operating modes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Implementation Method 2

improve the operation of a mechanical coupling means more reliable by avoiding its deterioration in extreme conditions of use

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction heating: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP2555940B1Method of operating the function of a mechanical coupling device of the first and second axles of a motor vehicle
Publication Date: 2018.02.28 RENAULT SA
  • EP2555940B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2555940B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

Method for controlling the operation of a means (11) of mechanically coupling the first (17) and second (19) axles of a transmission system (18) of a motor vehicle (10), the first axle being driven as standard and the second axle being driven as an option depending on the status of the coupling means, the transmission system being capable of operating in a first mode (4WD Lock) in which the value of the transmittable torque (CLock) that can be transmitted by the mechanical coupling means is fixed, or in a second mode (4WD Super Lock) in which the value of the transmittable torque that can be transmitted by the mechanical coupling means is higher than the value of the transmittable torque (CLock) for the first mode.