Coupling Vertical Load Control for Multi-Axle Vehicle Combinations

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current regulations limit the maximum allowable load for axles of tractor or trailer units, restricting the operational efficiency of multi-unit vehicle combinations, especially for electric vehicles which may have heavier designs.

Innovation Solution

A computer system is implemented to control the vertical load on the coupling between units of a vehicle combination by acquiring the current vertical load, determining the coupling load capability based on the virtual wheelbase of the trailing unit, and setting a desired vertical load to adjust the load capacity and traction characteristics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If maximum allowable load limits are applied to axles of tractor or trailer units, then safety and road surface longevity are improved, but operational efficiency and payload capacity are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidoperational efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by enabling real-time adjustment of vertical coupling loads through active control of propulsion and braking forces. The system dynamically redistributes loads between tractor and trailer axles based on current operating conditions, allowing the vehicle combination to adaptively optimize payload capacity while maintaining compliance with maximum axle load limits throughout the journey.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes parameters by actively modifying vertical loads on axles through controlled propulsion and braking actions. By varying the propulsion force applied to the tractor and the braking forces applied to both tractor and trailer, the system dynamically adjusts the vertical coupling load parameter, enabling flexible payload optimization within regulatory constraints.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Use of energy by moving object

If electric tractors are used with heavier designs, then propulsion efficiency and environmental performance are improved, but the same load limits apply reducing payload capacity compared to internal combustion engine vehicles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepropulsion efficiencyVSAvoidpayload capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables electric tractors to dynamically optimize payload capacity by actively controlling vertical coupling loads. Through real-time adjustment of propulsion and braking forces, the system compensates for the heavier tractor design, allowing electric vehicles to achieve comparable or superior payload capacity to internal combustion engine vehicles while maintaining energy efficiency and environmental benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Device complexity

If vertical coupling loads are not actively controlled, then system complexity is reduced, but load distribution and traction characteristics cannot be optimized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidtraction characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent achieves multi-functionality by utilizing existing propulsion and braking systems to simultaneously perform their primary functions and actively control vertical coupling loads. The same propulsion motor and braking mechanisms used for vehicle motion control are leveraged to adjust vertical loads, eliminating the need for separate active load control hardware while enabling optimized traction and payload characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4556266A1Vertical coupling loads for vehicle combinations
Publication Date: 2025.05.21 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4556266A1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4556266A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4556266A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A computer system for controlling a vertical load on a coupling between units of a vehicle combination comprising a trailing unit and a preceding unit, wherein the trailing unit comprises two or more axles and is coupled to the preceding unit via the coupling, the computer system comprising processing circuitry configured to: acquire a current value of a vertical load on the coupling; determine a coupling load capability based on the current value of the vertical load on the coupling and a current value of a virtual wheelbase of the trailing unit; and determine a desired vertical load on the coupling based on the coupling load capability.