CPR Assist Apparatus Using Force-Depth Relational Expression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing CPR assisting apparatuses face challenges in accurately guiding rescuers to perform adequate sternal compression due to individual differences in physique, leading to insufficient or excessive compression depths, especially when sudden changes occur during CPR.
Innovation Solution
A cardiopulmonary resuscitation assisting apparatus equipped with a first sensor for acceleration detection, a second sensor for compression magnitude, a calculation section for obtaining a relational expression between compression depth and magnitude, and a determination section that uses the rate of change of this expression to assess if notification for assistance is necessary, guiding rescuers to adjust compression accordingly.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If the compression depth is calculated using second-order integration of acceleration, then the compression depth can be obtained, but the calculation contains lots of error components due to unintentional vibration
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a relational expression as an intermediary between acceleration-based compression depth calculation and force-based compression magnitude measurement. This relational expression, derived from the relationship between compression depth and compression force, serves as a mediator to transform the noisy acceleration data into more reliable compression depth estimates by comparing against the force sensor measurements.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback by continuously monitoring the relational expression between compression depth and compression force, and using this feedback to adjust and refine the compression depth calculations. The determination section uses the relational expression to provide feedback on whether notification for assistance is necessary, creating a closed-loop system that improves measurement reliability through continuous validation.
2Measurement precision
If the average value of compression depths in multiple compression operations is used, then the influence of error components is reduced, but sudden changes in compression depth cannot be calculated accurately
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the calculation approach adaptive rather than static. Instead of always using average values or always using immediate calculations, the system dynamically selects the appropriate method based on the determination result. When the relational expression indicates stability, averaging is used; when sudden changes are detected, immediate calculation based on current acceleration and force data is employed, allowing the system to respond dynamically to changing conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs self-service by automatically determining which calculation method to use based on the relational expression analysis. The determination section autonomously assesses whether the current compression operation shows sudden changes or stable patterns and selects the appropriate calculation approach without external intervention, enabling the system to self-adjust to maintain both accuracy and responsiveness.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the compression displacement of 5 cm is used as the standard, then it is adequate for adults of normal physique, but it is not sufficient for patients with individual differences in physique
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements parameter changes by transitioning from a fixed compression depth standard (5 cm) to a dynamic assessment based on the relational expression between compression depth and compression force. The system changes the assessment parameters to include force magnitude measurements and the derived relational expression, allowing the adequacy assessment to adapt to individual patient characteristics rather than relying on a universal fixed depth standard.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary action by establishing the relational expression between compression depth and compression force before making adequacy determinations. This pre-established relationship serves as a reference framework that allows the system to assess whether each compression operation is adequate for the specific patient, enabling proactive adjustment of compression guidance rather than reactive correction after the fact.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus effectively guides rescuers to perform sternal compression adequate for every patient by reducing noise and accurately determining the necessary compression depth, even during sudden changes, thereby improving CPR effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
a first sensor which detects acceleration of movement of a compressed part of the target due to compression operation
Implementation Method 2
a second sensor which outputs information corresponding to a magnitude of compression on the compressed part of the target due to the compression operation
Data Source
AI summary
A cardiopulmonary resuscitation assisting apparatus including: an acceleration sensor (13); a magnetic sensor (19); a first calculation section (233A) which obtains a relational expression (N) between a compression depth Da and the coil-to-coil distance AD; a determination section (234) which differentiates the relational expression (N) with respect to an output value of the magnetic sensor (19) and compares a resulting differentiated value of the relational expression (N) with a predetermined threshold to thereby determine whether notification for assistance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is necessary or not; and a voice generating section (25) which performs the notification for assistance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.