CPR Device Non-Newtonian Fluid Force Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) devices face challenges in delivering optimal chest compressions due to variations in force and depth requirements among individuals, leading to potential damage and reduced effectiveness.
Innovation Solution
A CPR device with a patient and user side partially formed of non-Newtonian fluid (NNF) that adjusts viscosity in response to energy application, regulated by a controller to optimize force distribution and adapt to individual patient and user conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the depth of chest compressions is increased to improve blood flow and patient outcomes, then hemodynamic activity is enhanced, but the risk of damage to the patient increases
Solution Approach 1:
The CPR device employs a non-Newtonian fluid medium whose viscosity dynamically changes in response to applied stress. During compression, the fluid transitions from a high-viscosity state (providing structural support and force distribution) to a low-viscosity state (allowing deeper penetration and conformability), enabling the device to adapt its mechanical properties in real-time to optimize both compression depth and safety
Solution Approach 2:
The device utilizes stress-dependent viscosity changes of the non-Newtonian fluid to modulate force transmission. By controlling the fluid's rheological parameters based on applied stress levels, the system can regulate the force distribution profile to achieve optimal compression depth while preventing excessive force that could cause injury
2Force
If the force applied during CPR is increased to achieve optimal compression depth, then hemodynamic activity improves, but the risk of injury to both patient and user increases
Solution Approach 1:
The non-Newtonian fluid acts as an intermediary medium between the user's hands and the patient's chest. This fluid medium absorbs and redistributes applied forces, providing a buffer that reduces peak stresses while maintaining effective force transmission. The fluid's stress-dependent viscosity allows it to soften under high stress, protecting both patient and user from injury
Solution Approach 2:
The device controls the force transmission by modulating the viscosity parameter of the non-Newtonian fluid in response to stress. When high force is applied, the fluid's viscosity decreases, allowing force redistribution and preventing concentration of stress at critical points, thereby reducing injury risk while maintaining compression effectiveness
3Force
If a rigid structure is used in the CPR device to ensure force transfer, then force transmission is improved, but the device cannot adapt to individual patient variations
Solution Approach 1:
The non-Newtonian fluid's stress-dependent viscosity allows the device to change its mechanical parameters in real-time based on the forces applied and patient characteristics. This enables the same device to adapt to individual patient variations in chest wall compliance, body size, and tissue density while maintaining effective force transmission
Solution Approach 2:
The device transitions from a static rigid structure to a dynamic system where the fluid's mechanical properties continuously adjust in response to stress. This dynamic behavior allows the device to conform to different patient anatomies and compression requirements, providing both force transmission and adaptability
4Object-affected harmful factors
If a soft compliant material is used in the CPR device to ensure safety, then patient safety is improved, but force transmission to achieve adequate compression depth is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The non-Newtonian fluid provides a dynamic mechanical response that combines the safety benefits of soft materials with the force transmission capabilities of rigid structures. Under low stress, the fluid maintains high viscosity for conformability and safety; under high stress, it transitions to lower viscosity to enable adequate force transmission and compression depth
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device enhances the effectiveness of CPR by dynamically controlling force distribution to achieve optimal hemodynamic activity while minimizing risk of injury to both the patient and user.
Implementation Method 1
one or more of the patient side and the user side is at least partially formed of a non-Newtonian fluid, the viscosity of which is configured to vary in response to the application of energy
Data Source
AI summary
According to an aspect, there is provided a cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, device (1) for enhancing the delivery of CPR to a patient. The device (1) comprises: a patient side (3) for engagement with the chest of the patient; and a user side (2) for engagement with the hands of a user delivering CPR to the patient. One or more of the surface of the patient side (3) and the surface of the user side (2) is at least partially formed of a material with variable contact characteristics configured to be controlled so as to regulate the lateral force distribution profile at the one or more of the surface of the patient side (3) and the surface of the user side (2) from a force applied to the device (1) by the user and transferred through the device (1) to the patient. According to other aspects, there is provided a control method for a cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, device and a computer program which, when executed on a computing device, carries out a control method for a cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR, device.