CPR Pad with Force-Dissipating Layer
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cardiac massage techniques often result in rib and abdominal lesions due to improper force application, exacerbated by movement of the rescue vehicle and operator fatigue, with existing solutions failing to ensure precision and repeatability within the limited time frame required for effective CPR.
Innovation Solution
A pad system comprising a first layer with specific material properties for reduced force transmission and a second layer for distributing force, combined with a monitoring unit featuring force sensors and an accelerometer to guide optimal force application and frequency during cardiac massage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If manual cardiac massage is performed to achieve required compression depth and frequency, then CPR effectiveness is improved, but the risk of rib and sternal fractures increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a mechanical compression device as an intermediary between the rescuer and the patient's chest. The device includes a compression element that directly applies force to the sternum, eliminating the need for manual hand compression. This intermediary mechanism ensures precise force application while distributing pressure to avoid bone fractures, thus maintaining CPR effectiveness without increasing injury risk
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the manual mechanical system (rescuer's hands and arms) with an automated mechanical compression system. The device uses a motor-driven mechanism to perform chest compressions, substituting human physical effort with mechanical automation. This substitution eliminates the variability and force control issues inherent in manual compression, providing consistent, fracture-free compressions at the required depth and frequency
2Productivity
If compression frequency is increased to meet AHA guidelines (100-120 times per minute), then blood circulation improvement is enhanced, but the duration for precise force application becomes insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces manual force application with an automated mechanical system that can precisely control compression depth and force. The mechanical device uses sensors and control algorithms to ensure each compression meets the required specifications, eliminating the time needed for manual positioning and force calibration. This enables sustained high-frequency compression (100-120 per minute) while maintaining precise force application throughout the resuscitation process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates force sensors and feedback control mechanisms that continuously monitor compression depth and adjust the mechanical force applied. The system receives real-time feedback on compression effectiveness and automatically adjusts parameters to maintain optimal force application at high frequencies. This closed-loop control ensures precision is maintained even during rapid sequential compressions, preventing the degradation of force control that would occur with manual operation
3Adaptability or versatility
If rescue vehicle movement is present during transport, then patient relocation is necessary, but operator positioning accuracy and force application consistency deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the vulnerable manual positioning system with a mechanically rigid, motorized compression device that can be securely mounted in the rescue vehicle. The mechanical system maintains fixed positioning relative to the patient's chest through rigid mounting structures, eliminating the positioning errors that occur during vehicle movement. This mechanical stability ensures consistent force application even when the vehicle is in motion or being relocated
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs a universal mounting system that can accommodate different patient positions and vehicle configurations. The device can be rapidly repositioned and secured to various surfaces (stretcher, gurney, vehicle seat) while maintaining compression accuracy. This multi-functional mounting capability allows the device to adapt to different relocation scenarios without compromising force application consistency during transport
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The pad system significantly reduces the incidence of rib and abdominal lesions by dissipating impulsive forces, ensuring uniform force distribution, and providing real-time feedback to rescuers for precise and effective CPR performance.
Implementation Method 1
a first layer (2), made of a material that has an average value of the transmitted force, during an impact test in ambient conditions according to EN1621-1:2013, with an impact energy of 10 J, of less than 25 kN
Implementation Method 2
a second layer (4) configured for receiving an action by an operator who administers the cardiac massage, both directly and via the layer (6), and for distributing this action on the interface with the layer (2)
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3~4
AI summary
Described herein is a pad (1; 1') for administering a cardiac massage comprising: - a first layer (2) configured for being applied on the chest of a patient; and - a second layer (4) coupled to said first layer, the second layer being configured for receiving an action by an operator administering the cardiac massage, wherein: said first layer (2) is made of a material having an average value of the transmitted force, in an impact test at ambient conditions according to EN1621-1 at an energy of 10 J, lower than 25 kN.