Reciprocating CPR Apparatus Plunger Displacement Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) methods face challenges in accurately determining and maintaining optimal chest compression depth, which is crucial for effective circulation and oxygenation, as compressions that are too shallow may be insufficient while those that are too deep can cause tissue damage, and existing apparatuses often have limited adjustable ranges.

Innovation Solution

A mechanical CPR apparatus equipped with a plunger and displacement sensor, a microprocessor unit, and a solenoid valve control system that senses plunger displacement and adjusts the compression force and amplitude to achieve and maintain a desired compression depth, using a combination of magnetic and Hall-effect switches to monitor piston position and control gas flow, optimizing compression depth and gas consumption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If gas-driven reciprocating CPR apparatus is used to provide chest compressions, then compression depth can be maintained, but gas consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecompression depthVSAvoidgas consumption

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses a displacement sensor to continuously monitor the actual compression depth and feeds this information back to the control unit. The control unit compares the actual depth with the target depth and adjusts the gas pressure accordingly, creating a closed-loop feedback system that optimizes gas consumption while maintaining accurate compression depth.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the gas pressure parameter based on real-time feedback from the displacement sensor. By changing the gas pressure parameter in response to actual compression depth measurements, the system achieves optimal compression with reduced gas consumption compared to fixed-pressure systems.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If compression depth is increased to ensure effective circulation, then circulation effectiveness improves, but tissue damage risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecirculation effectivenessVSAvoidtissue damage

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The displacement sensor provides continuous feedback on actual compression depth, allowing the control system to maintain compression within the optimal range that ensures effective circulation while preventing excessive compression that could cause tissue damage. The feedback mechanism enables real-time adjustment to stay within safe limits.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces manual mechanical control with an automated sensor-based control system. The displacement sensor and control unit work together to precisely regulate compression depth, eliminating the guesswork and variability inherent in manual CPR while ensuring consistent, safe compression depth.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Device complexity

If manual CPR is performed, then device complexity is minimized, but compression depth control precision is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveapparatus structureVSAvoidcompression depth

Core Design Contradiction:

Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces manual mechanical estimation with an automated displacement sensor that objectively measures compression depth. This substitution provides precise measurement while keeping the overall device structure relatively simple, focusing only on the essential sensing and control components needed for accurate depth control.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The apparatus effectively determines and maintains optimal compression depth, ensuring effective chest compressions while minimizing gas consumption and preventing tissue damage, as demonstrated by experiments showing up to 70% reduction in gas usage with maintained efficacy.

Implementation Method 1

a plunger displace sensor that can sense plunger displacement information

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectHall effect: Hall Effect

Implementation Method 2

a solenoid valve control system that senses plunger displacement and adjusts the compression force

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElectromagnetic actuation: Electromagnet

Data Source

PatentUS11850209B2Driving control of a reciprocating CPR apparatus

Publication Date: 2023.12.26 PHYSIO CONTROL CORP

AI summary

The disclosed mechanical cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) apparatuses, systems, and devices have a plunger and a plunger displace sensor that can sense plunger displacement information during reciprocating cycles of the plunger. The disclosure CPR apparatuses, systems, and devices also have a microprocessor unit that can receive sensed plunger displacement information from the sensor and generate plunger driving instructions based on the plunger displacement information. The plunger driving instructions have one or both of a plunger driving force and a plunger amplitude for the reciprocating cycles.