Automated Crack Detection in Aircraft Structural Hot Spots

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current non-destructive inspection methods for detecting cracks in aircraft structures, particularly in inaccessible 'hot spots,' are cumbersome and limited in effectiveness, especially for areas hidden behind other structures or panels, necessitating an improved system for structural hot spot and critical location monitoring.

Innovation Solution

A method and system utilizing an image processing computer with a processor and camera to detect cracks by determining shapes in images, representing regions around structures into matrices, and applying image processing algorithms, including Hough Transform, Geometric Layout Context, Physical Context models, and Robust Principal Component Analysis, to identify cracks in critical locations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If manual image-based inspection methods are used for hot spots, then inspection can be performed in inaccessible areas, but the process becomes cumbersome and limited in effectiveness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection capability in inaccessible areasVSAvoidinspection process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system enables self-service inspection by automatically detecting cracks in hot spots without requiring manual borescope operations. The automated image processing and crack detection algorithms perform the inspection task independently, eliminating the need for operators to manually navigate inaccessible areas with borescopes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical borescope inspection system with an automated image processing system. Instead of using physical borescopes that require manual manipulation in inaccessible areas, the system uses captured images processed by algorithms including Hough Transform, Geometric Layout Context, Physical Context models, and Robust Principal Component Analysis to automatically detect cracks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Productivity

If visual inspection is used for crack detection, then the method is economical and quick, but reliability is questionable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection speed and cost-effectivenessVSAvoidcrack detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system incorporates feedback through automated image processing and analysis. Multiple processing stages including shape determination, matrix representation, and application of various context models provide iterative refinement of crack detection results. The system compares detected features against expected patterns and provides feedback for confirmation or further analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary automated image processing system between the visual inspection and final crack detection. Instead of relying directly on human visual inspection, the system uses image capture devices and multiple processing algorithms as intermediaries to analyze the images, providing more reliable and consistent detection while maintaining the speed and economy of visual methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If automated crack detection algorithms are applied, then detection accuracy improves, but processing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack detection accuracyVSAvoidprocessing system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the crack detection process into distinct modular stages: image capture, shape determination, matrix representation, and application of specific processing models (Hough Transform, Geometric Layout Context, Physical Context, Robust Principal Component Analysis). Each stage handles a specific aspect of the detection task, making the overall complex process more manageable and systematic.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes parameters at different processing stages to optimize detection accuracy. The Hough Transform detects lines and curves by transforming image coordinates; Geometric Layout Context and Physical Context models adjust detection parameters based on structural geometry and material properties; Robust Principal Component Analysis transforms the data space to enhance crack features while suppressing noise.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3049793B1Structural hot spot and critical location monitoring
Publication Date: 2019.11.06 SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT CORP
  • EP3049793B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3049793B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3049793B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for detecting a crack in a structural component includes receiving, with a processor, signals indicative of at least one image for a critical location in the structural component; determining, with the processor, at least one shape in the at least one image, the at least one shape being representative of a structure of the critical location; representing, with the processor, at least one region around the structure into a matrix; and applying, with the processor, image processing on the matrix to detect cracks in the at least one region of the structural component.