Multilayered Cranial Bone Surrogate Material
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for a surrogate material that replicates the behavior of cranial bone to simulate impact tests at various velocities, as existing materials do not accurately mimic the multilayered structure and properties of cranial bone, which is crucial for understanding and measuring the effects of impacts on the human skull.
Innovation Solution
A multilayered material comprising a first and second fiber-reinforced layer with a polymeric foam in between, where the fiber-reinforced layers are crosslinked with polymers and bonded to the foam, replicating the three-layer structure of cranial bone, with specific mechanical properties such as compressive and shear strengths, and fracture toughness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If a conventional surrogate bone material (E-fiber-epoxy composite) is used, then the surrogate can be manufactured, but it does not accurately replicate the multilayered structure and mechanical properties of cranial bone
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies composite materials by combining fiber-reinforced layers with foam core to create a multilayered structure that replicates the complex architecture of cranial bone. The outer fiber layers simulate the dense cortical bone tables, while the inner foam core represents the cancellous diploe, achieving both structural accuracy and mechanical property replication
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by assigning different materials and properties to different regions of the surrogate. The outer layers use stiff fiber-reinforced composites to mimic cortical bone, while the inner layer uses compliant foam to replicate cancellous bone, allowing each region to exhibit locally appropriate mechanical behavior under impact
2Reliability
If a multilayered surrogate structure is created to replicate cranial bone, then the mechanical behavior under impact is improved, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the surrogate into distinct manufacturable layers: outer fiber-reinforced layers and an inner foam core. This segmentation allows each component to be manufactured separately using conventional processes, then assembled through bonding, reducing overall manufacturing complexity while maintaining the multilayered structure's impact behavior replication
3Measurement precision
If the surrogate material is designed for high speed impact simulations, then the measurement capability is improved, but the material must withstand extreme forces which increases structural requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite materials with fiber reinforcement to achieve the high strength required for withstanding extreme impact forces. The fiber orientation and distribution are optimized to resist tensile and compressive loads during high-speed impact, enabling the surrogate to maintain structural integrity while allowing precise measurement of impact parameters
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The surrogate material effectively mimics the behavior of cranial bone under impact, allowing for accurate simulation of fractures and energy absorption, and can be mass-produced for various tests, including high-speed impacts, while being suitable for storage and activation as needed.
Implementation Method 1
a first fiber reinforced layer; the first reinforced layer comprising a crosslinked polymer and fibers
Implementation Method 2
a foam layer; the foam layer disposed between the first fiber reinforced layer and the second fiber reinforced layer; the foam layer having a compressive strength of about 3.5 to about 4.5 MPa
Implementation Method 3
a shear strength of 1.50 to about 2.15 MPa, when measured as per ASTM-C-273
Data Source
AI summary
A surrogate multilayered material and manufacturing method thereof includes a first fiber reinforced layer, the first reinforced layer including a crosslinked polymer and fibers, and a second fiber reinforced layer, the second reinforced layer including the crosslinked polymer and the fibers. A foam layer is disposed between the first and second fiber reinforced layers. Opposite faces of the foam layer are in direct contact with the first fiber reinforced layer and the second fiber reinforced layer. The foam layer has a compressive strength of about 3.5 to about 4.5 MPa, when measured as per ASTM-D-1621-73, and a shear strength of 1.50 to about 2.15 MPa, when measured as per ASTM-C-273.