Crop Bale Grouping Using Weighted K-Means Classification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems fail to accurately categorize crop bales based on nutritional content and quality, leading to inefficiencies in animal feeding and storage strategies, as different animals have varying nutritional needs and crop bales of varying feed quality.

Innovation Solution

A system and method using constituent sensors to analyze crop bale properties, a bale grouping computing device for k-means clustering, and a database to assign weightages to properties for categorization, enabling grouping into categories based on selected classification goals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If crop bales are categorized based on external appearance only, then the classification process is simple and quick, but the nutritional content and feed quality cannot be accurately assessed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenutritional content assessment accuracyVSAvoidclassification system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The classification system is segmented into multiple independent modules: constituent sensors for nutritional analysis, imaging sensors for visual classification, GPS for location tracking, and a computing device for data integration. Each module performs a specific function, allowing the system to achieve high measurement precision through multiple sensors while managing complexity through modular architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A computing device acts as an intermediary that receives data from multiple sensors, applies machine learning algorithms, and generates classification results. This intermediary processes the raw data from sensors and transforms it into actionable classification information, bridging the gap between complex sensor data and practical bale categorization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If all crop bales are analyzed in detail for nutritional content, then accurate feeding decisions can be made, but the time and resources required for analysis increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebale classification speedVSAvoidnutritional property analysis accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs partial analysis by using constituent sensors to measure only key nutritional parameters (moisture, protein, fiber) rather than complete nutritional profiling. This partial measurement approach maintains sufficient accuracy for feeding decisions while significantly reducing analysis time and resource requirements compared to comprehensive laboratory analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary classification using imaging sensors and machine learning to quickly identify bale characteristics before detailed nutritional analysis. This preliminary sorting allows the system to prioritize bales that need detailed analysis while quickly categorizing others, improving overall processing productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Adaptability or versatility

If crop bales are grouped without considering specific animal nutritional needs, then the grouping process is straightforward, but the feeding strategy cannot be optimized for different animals

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefeeding strategy adaptability to different animalsVSAvoidclassification goal configuration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The classification system is dynamic and configurable, allowing the computing device to adjust classification goals and weightings based on different animal types and nutritional needs. Users can modify classification parameters through the user interface, enabling the same system to adapt to various feeding scenarios without hardware changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system is designed with multi-functionality to serve different animal types (cattle, sheep, horses) and different feeding objectives (weight gain, maintenance, lactation). The computing device applies different classification algorithms and weightings based on the selected animal type, making the system universally applicable across multiple feeding scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If crop bales are not properly categorized by nutritional quality, then storage and management are simpler, but animal productivity and yields decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveanimal productivity and yield consistencyVSAvoidbale management system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system incorporates feedback loops where classification results inform storage and feeding decisions. The computing device generates reports and recommendations based on bale analysis, and this information feeds back into management decisions. This feedback mechanism ensures consistent animal productivity by linking bale quality data to actual feeding strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces manual bale inspection and categorization with automated sensor-based analysis and machine learning classification. This substitution of mechanical/manual processes with automated systems improves reliability of categorization while managing complexity through software-based solutions rather than physical sorting infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP4311425B1System and method for analyzing and grouping crop bales
Publication Date: 2026.03.25 DEERE & CO
  • EP4311425B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4311425B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4311425B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system and method for grouping crop bales. A constituent sensor can sense properties of a crop material of a crop bale, with the sensed data being stored as a dataset. An operator can select a classification goal, each selectable classification goal having multiple categories that relate to different levels within the selected classification goal. Classification goals can assign weightages to properties of the datasets. A bale grouping computing device can group the datasets using a k-means clustering analysis, with each category of the selected classification goal providing a different cluster for the k-means clustering analysis. The assigned weightages can influence a determination as to a centroid location for each cluster. The cluster to which a dataset is assigned indicates the category to which the crop bale belongs. Crop bales assigned to the same cluster can be grouped together as having similar characteristics for purposes of the selected classification goal.