Cross-Frequency EEG Analysis for OSA Severity and Sleepiness

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and assessing daytime sleepiness are complex, requiring multiple sensors and expert evaluation, making them cumbersome and costly.

Innovation Solution

A method utilizing cross-frequency modulation indices derived from EEG signals at C3 and C4 points, analyzed through phase-amplitude coupling, to automatically determine the severity of OSA and associated daytime sleepiness, using a simplified EEG system and machine learning algorithms.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional polysomnography with 18 sensors is used for diagnosing OSA and assessing sleepiness, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvediagnosis accuracyVSAvoidnumber of sensors
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and focuses on only the most critical information from the full polysomnography dataset - specifically EEG signals at C3 and C4 channels that correlate with sensorimotor network activity and sleepiness. By taking out only these essential components rather than using all 18 sensors, the system achieves sufficient measurement precision for diagnosing OSA severity and assessing daytime sleepiness while dramatically reducing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a simplified copy of the comprehensive diagnostic system that uses only two EEG channels instead of 18 sensors. This copying approach maintains the core diagnostic capability for OSA severity classification and sleepiness assessment while using a fraction of the original system's complexity and cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If expert visual evaluation is performed for quality assurance in polysomnography, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and time consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality assuranceVSAvoidevaluation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service through automated machine learning algorithms that perform quality assurance and diagnostic evaluation without requiring expert human review. The system automatically processes the simplified EEG data, classifies OSA severity, and assesses sleepiness using trained models, eliminating the time-consuming manual evaluation step while maintaining diagnostic accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical process of human expert evaluation with automated computational algorithms. Instead of having experts visually inspect and manually score the polysomnography data, the system uses machine learning models to automatically detect patterns, classify severity levels, and generate diagnostic reports, thereby reducing time loss while maintaining precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If multiple physiological signals are recorded for comprehensive OSA assessment, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomprehensive assessmentVSAvoidsystem simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential EEG signals at C3 and C4 channels from the comprehensive polysomnography protocol. By taking out only these specific signals that are most relevant for assessing sensorimotor network activity and sleepiness, the system maintains comprehensive assessment capability for OSA severity and sleepiness while dramatically simplifying the operational complexity of the recording system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentUS20250288246A1Method for determining a scale for the degree of obstructive sleep apnoea and/or the after-effect thereof, such as daytime sleepiness
Publication Date: 2025.09.18 UNIVERSITATSMEDIZIN DER JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV MAINZ
  • US20250288246A1 patent drawing
  • US20250288246A1 patent drawing
  • US20250288246A1 patent drawing

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for determining the measure of the degree of an obstructive sleep apnea and/or its consequence by means of the following steps:defining a measure of the degree of an obstructive sleep apnea and/or its consequence,providing two EEG measurement signals of an electroencephalography at the electroencephalography points of an 10-20 international EEG system,dividing the EEG measurement signals into frequency bands,determining at least one cross-frequency modulation index using data from at least two different frequency bands,determining the measure of the degree of an obstructive sleep apnea and/or its consequences by means of the at least one cross-frequency modulation index.The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method.