Cross-Linked Hollow Particles That Resist Deformation in Resins
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Solution Overview
Problem
Hollow particles added to resins for molding often deform, leading to a reduction in mechanical strength and scratch resistance of the resulting molded articles, as they fail to maintain their hollow structure.
Innovation Solution
Producing hollow particles with a shell containing a cross-linked copolymer derived from epoxy or oxetane group-containing monomers and water-soluble amine compounds, with a controlled epoxy group amount and specific absorbance ratios in the infrared spectrum, to maintain the hollow structure and enhance physical properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If hollow particles are added to thermosetting or thermoplastic resin for molding, then light-scattering, heat-insulating, or low-dielectric-constant properties are improved, but the mechanical strength and scratch resistance of the molded article are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the shell by incorporating specific functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino groups) and controlling the glass transition temperature (Tg) to be 50°C or higher. This parameter optimization allows the hollow particles to maintain their structural integrity and provide mechanical strength while preserving their light-scattering and heat-insulating properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The shell is designed as a composite structure containing multiple functional components: polymer base material, reinforcing fibers (cellulose, glass, or organic fibers), and functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, or amino groups). This composite construction enhances the mechanical strength and scratch resistance while maintaining the hollow particle's functional properties.
2Reliability
If hollow particles are added to thermosetting or thermoplastic resin for molding, then heat-insulating properties are improved, but the scratch resistance of the molded article surface is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the glass transition temperature (Tg) parameter to be 50°C or higher, which enhances the shell's rigidity and resistance to deformation. This parameter change directly improves scratch resistance while preserving the heat-insulating properties of the hollow particles.
Solution Approach 2:
The shell incorporates a composite structure with polymer base material, reinforcing fibers, and functional groups that collectively enhance surface hardness and scratch resistance. The fiber reinforcement and cross-linkable functional groups create a more resilient shell structure that resists scratching while maintaining thermal insulation.
3Stability of the object's composition
If the shell is made with epoxy or oxetane groups for cross-linking, then the hollow structure stability is improved, but the remaining epoxy group amount must be controlled to maintain desired properties
Solution Approach 1:
The invention specifies precise parameter ranges: remaining epoxy group amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mmol/g and oxetane group amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mmol/g. These controlled parameter ranges ensure sufficient cross-linking for structural stability while preventing excessive cross-linking that would compromise the hollow structure's integrity and functional properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The cross-linking is implemented locally through specific functional groups (epoxy or oxetane) positioned on the shell structure. This localized cross-linking approach provides structural stability where needed while maintaining the overall hollow structure's flexibility and functional characteristics.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The approach prevents deformation of hollow particles when added to resins, ensuring the molded articles retain desired physical properties such as low-refractive-index and heat-insulating characteristics, while maintaining high scratch resistance.
Implementation Method 1
performing a reaction of at least one epoxy group- or oxetane group-containing radical reactive monomer and at least one water-soluble amine compound
Implementation Method 2
the at least one layer contains a cross-linked copolymer derived from at least one epoxy group- or oxetane group-containing radical reactive monomer and at least one water-soluble amine compound
Data Source
AI summary
This invention provides hollow particles having a shell containing at least one layer and having an average particle diameter of 10 to 150 nm, wherein a ratio β between absorbance at 908 cm−1 (A908) and absorbance at 1722 cm−1 (A1722) in an infrared absorption spectrum obtained by measuring the hollow particles by ATR-FTIR (absorbance ratio β: A908/A1722) is 0.1 or less.