Cryogenic Fluid Coupling Locking Cam Mechanism
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Solution Overview
Problem
The handling of cryogenically controlled liquids, such as carbon dioxide, is challenging due to the difficulties in safe and reliable connection and disconnection processes, which often result in damage to equipment and exposure of operators to high pressure and low temperatures, leading to increased costs and product failures.
Innovation Solution
A coupling system with a locking-cam mechanism that enables no-tool connection and disconnection, ensuring fluid-tight seals and minimizing exposure to the fluid, utilizing an elastomerically energized ultra-high molecular weight Cup-Seal system and PTFE impregnated nickel coating to prevent freezing and stiction issues.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If mechanical threaded connections are used for coupling, then connection can be achieved, but equipment damage and operator exposure risks increase due to beating during engagement and disengagement
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling system performs preliminary sealing before valve opening. The seal engages and forms a fluid-tight barrier before the valve is actuated to open, ensuring that any potential leaks or releases are prevented before they can occur during the connection process
Solution Approach 2:
The coupling system separates the sealing function from the valve opening function. The seal and valve are distinct components that operate in sequence, allowing the seal to engage and secure the connection before the valve is opened for fluid flow
2Productivity
If conventional couplings are used, then fluid delivery can be established, but connection and disconnection times increase due to safety concerns and operational difficulties
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling system features self-latching mechanisms and automatic valve control. Once the coupling is engaged, the system automatically secures the connection and controls valve operation without requiring additional manual intervention, reducing the time operators need to spend on connection and disconnection procedures
3Reliability
If seals and components are used in cryogenic conditions, then fluid sealing can be achieved, but freezing and stiction damage the seals frequently
Solution Approach 1:
The seal material properties are specifically selected and engineered for cryogenic conditions. The elastomeric material maintains its flexibility and sealing capabilities at extremely low temperatures, preventing freezing and stiction that would otherwise damage conventional seals
Solution Approach 2:
The coupling system uses composite material construction, including elastomeric seal materials combined with PTFE (Teflon) coatings. These materials are specifically chosen for their resistance to freezing and stiction in cryogenic environments, enhancing seal reliability
4Ease of operation
If coupler valves are used in cryogenic service, then fluid flow control is possible, but valves tend to remain open after disconnection due to freezing and stiction
Solution Approach 1:
The valve components are designed with material selections and surface treatments that prevent freezing and stiction. The valve mechanism maintains reliable operation and closure in cryogenic conditions through specialized materials that resist the adhesive forces caused by extreme cold
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The coupling system simplifies and speeds up the connection and disconnection processes, ensuring operator safety, reducing fluid exposure, and providing improved seal and valve closure, while minimizing pressure drop and stiction, thus enhancing the reliability and longevity of the connection.
Implementation Method 1
an elastomeric seal creates a fluid tight seal with an inner diameter surface of the nipple body
Implementation Method 2
PTFE impregnated nickel coating to prevent freezing and stiction issues
Data Source
AI summary
A coupling and method are provided that include a coupler and nipple. The nipple has a valve in a normally-closed position and an outer peripheral surface with a plurality of spaced-apart, close-ended cam paths. The coupler has a valve in a normally-closed position and includes a set of latching balls for engagement with the cam paths to secure the coupler to the nipple. The coupler further includes a sleeve mounted thereon and movable between forward and retracted positions. In the forward position, the latching balls are forced into an inward position that prevents release of the latching balls from the cam paths, and in the retracted position, the latching balls are permitted to extend to an outward position enabling initial engagement with or disengagement from the cam paths. The coupler also includes a set of locking balls that prevents movement of the sleeve to the retracted position.