Cryogenic apparatus
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) systems operate in single-shot mode, limiting the maintenance of low temperatures to short durations, and face challenges in seamlessly controlling temperature ramps over large ranges, especially from room temperature to ultra-low temperatures in the sub-Kelvin range.
Innovation Solution
A cryogenic apparatus with multiple temperature change mechanisms, including a resistive heater and an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, is controlled by a system that operates the mechanisms individually or in combination based on temperature ranges, enabling seamless temperature control through a hybrid mode where both mechanisms are used simultaneously in a transition regime.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If a single-shot ADR system is used to achieve ultra-low temperatures, then sub-Kelvin temperatures can be reached, but the low temperatures cannot be maintained stably for a long time
Solution Approach 1:
The temperature control system is segmented into multiple independent temperature change mechanisms (first mechanism for high-temperature range, second mechanism for low-temperature range), each optimized for specific temperature intervals. This allows the system to maintain stable ultra-low temperatures using the second mechanism while avoiding the single-shot limitation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from single-shot discrete cooling to continuous temperature control by operating the second temperature change mechanism continuously in the low-temperature range, ensuring stable temperature maintenance over extended periods rather than temporary reaches.
2Temperature
If conventional ADR technology is used, then sub-Kelvin temperatures can be achieved, but seamless control of temperature ramps over large ranges is challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically switches between different temperature change mechanisms based on the current temperature range. The controller adjusts which mechanism operates (first, second, or both simultaneously in hybrid mode) to provide seamless temperature ramps across the entire range from room temperature to ultra-low temperatures.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes operational parameters by switching between different temperature change mechanisms with different operational characteristics. The first mechanism handles high-temperature ranges while the second mechanism handles low-temperature ranges, with parameter transitions managed through hybrid operation mode for seamless control.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple temperature change mechanisms are used to cover different temperature ranges, then seamless temperature control over large ranges is achieved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The controller provides universal management for multiple temperature change mechanisms, coordinating their operation to achieve seamless temperature control across the full range. The system manages complexity through intelligent control logic that determines when to operate each mechanism individually or in hybrid mode.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for continuous and stable temperature control over a wide range, from room temperature to ultra-low temperatures, overcoming the limitations of conventional ADR systems by ensuring smooth transitions between different temperature control methods.
Implementation Method 1
ADR is based on the magneto-caloric effect. When a medium is magnetized, its magnetic moments get aligned and the heat of magnetization is released. Vice versa, if the medium is demagnetized its temperature drops.
Implementation Method 2
The at least one first temperature change mechanism is a heating mechanism, in particular a resistive heater.
Data Source
Figure 1
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AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a cryogenic apparatus (300, 400, 500), comprising: at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) connected to a sample stage (20) and configured to change a temperature at the sample stage (20); at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) different from the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410), wherein the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) is connected to the sample stage (20) and configured to change the temperature at the sample stage (20); and a controller. The controller is configured to: operate the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) in a first temperature range (A); operate the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) in a second temperature range (B) different from the first temperature range (A); and operate both the at least one first temperature change mechanism (310, 410) and the at least one second temperature change mechanism (320, 420, 520, 522) in a third temperature range (C) between the first temperature range (A) and the second temperature range (B).