Cryogenic Fluid Evaporation via Intermediary Heat Transfer

The patent introduces a two-fluid heat transfer system where a first heat transfer fluid (liquid or gas) transfers heat from the ambient environment through a first heat exchanger to a second heat transfer fluid, which then evaporates the cryogenic fluid. This intermediary fluid system allows heat transfer without direct contact between ambient air and the cryogenic fluid, preventing excessive ice build-up on the heat transfer surface while still achieving the required evaporation rate for electricity generation.

The patent implements a hybrid system that combines a small on-demand air liquefier (providing partial action) with stored liquid air from a central plant (providing excessive action/capacity). The on-demand liquefier maintains system readiness and supplements the stored liquid air, ensuring reliable electricity generation capability even with low utilization hours, while avoiding the need for a large, expensive standalone liquefier plant that would be economically unviable at low utilization rates.

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of the fuel source from fossil-based diesel to cryogenic-based liquid air or liquid nitrogen. This parameter change transforms the combustion process into a physical expansion process that produces no combustion emissions, thereby eliminating atmospheric pollution while maintaining the ability to provide reliable electricity supply for peak demand and emergency support through the expansion turbine generator system.