Cryogenic Compression Overflow Retarder to Limit Vaporization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluid compression systems face issues with cavitation and thermal input due to pressure drop, particularly in liquid hydrogen pumps, where excess liquid discharge from the first compression stage leads to vaporization gas in the bath, affecting performance and volumetric efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A fluid compression apparatus with multiple stages, incorporating a discharge orifice and flow retarder to control the discharge of surplus liquid from the first compression chamber, using a porous material to attenuate the speed and intensity of the liquid flow, thereby reducing pressure drop and minimizing vaporization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If surplus liquid is discharged from the first compression chamber to the bath, then the filling without flash vaporization is achieved, but vaporization gas is generated in the bath
Solution Approach 1:
A flow retarder is introduced as an intermediary component between the first compression chamber and the bath. This flow retarder modifies the discharge flow characteristics, allowing surplus liquid to be discharged while reducing the generation of vaporization gas through controlled flow attenuation.
Solution Approach 2:
The discharge flow parameters are changed by introducing a flow retarder that modifies the velocity, pressure drop, and flow pattern of the discharged liquid. This parameter modification enables surplus liquid discharge while minimizing vaporization gas generation in the bath.
2Productivity
If the discharge orifice communicates directly with the enclosure, then surplus liquid can leave the first compression chamber, but the liquid flow speed and pressure drop are high causing vaporization
Solution Approach 1:
The flow retarder serves as an intermediary component positioned between the discharge orifice and the enclosure. It attenuates the liquid flow speed and reduces pressure drop, enabling efficient surplus liquid discharge while preventing excessive vaporization caused by high-velocity flow and large pressure drops.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If a flow retarder is introduced to attenuate liquid flow, then vaporization is reduced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The flow retarder is implemented using porous materials or perforated structures that provide flow attenuation through distributed flow paths. This approach reduces vaporization gas generation while maintaining relatively simple device complexity, as the porous structure integrates smoothly into the existing discharge system.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively prevents vaporization and maintains thermodynamic quality, enhancing the performance and efficiency of liquid hydrogen pumps by minimizing pressure drop and thermal input.
Implementation Method 1
limiting its pressure drop
Implementation Method 2
at least one flow retarder configured to attenuate the speed and/or intensity of the discharged liquid flow
Implementation Method 3
a nozzle made of porous material of which the permeability is preferably greater than five darcy
Implementation Method 4
The high-pressure compression of the liquid drawn from a tank containing the pump (bath or sump) is often preceded by a first compression stage (or pre-compression)
Implementation Method 5
a discharge orifice that communicates with the first compression chamber and is configured to allow fluid compressed in the second compression chamber to leave
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a fluid compression apparatus comprising a sealed enclosure intended to contain a bath of cryogenic fluid, a first and a second compression chambers, an intake system for admission into the first chamber, a system for transfer from the first to the second chamber, the apparatus further comprising a communicating discharge orifice for compressed fluid to leave the second chamber, the apparatus further comprising an overflow discharge orifice provided with a valve for discharge from the first compression chamber to the bath so as to let surplus liquid leave during compression of fluid in the first chamber, the overflow discharge orifice communicating with the enclosure via at least one flow retarder configured to attenuate the speed and/or intensity of the discharged liquid flow by limiting its pressure drop.