Cryogenic RF Filters for Qubit Thermalization With Lower Noise
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing quantum computing devices using superconducting qubits require substantial power to generate radio frequency signals due to the need for high signal intensity, which leads to increased power dissipation and noise, especially when a large number of qubits are involved, and current attenuator-based thermalization methods reduce signal intensity and require extensive electrical connections.
Innovation Solution
The use of cooled filters instead of attenuators for thermalizing radio frequency signals, which reduces signal energy dissipation and power requirements by allowing lower signal amplitudes and optimizing noise reduction, enabling efficient thermalization and reducing the need for RF amplifiers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If high signal intensity is used to drive superconducting qubits, then qubit operation is enabled, but power dissipation and noise increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the signal path into multiple temperature stages (room temperature, intermediate temperature, and cryogenic stages). Filters are placed at intermediate temperature stages to thermalize RF signals progressively, allowing high signal intensity to be maintained only where necessary while reducing power dissipation and noise in other stages.
Solution Approach 2:
Coolable filters serve as intermediary components between the RF signal source and the superconducting qubits. These filters are cooled to intermediate temperatures to thermalize the RF signals, reducing their intensity in a controlled manner and minimizing both power dissipation and noise while maintaining qubit operation.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If attenuators are used to thermalize RF signals, then signal intensity is reduced, but extensive electrical connections are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional electrical attenuators with coolable filters that operate at intermediate temperatures. This substitution eliminates the need for extensive electrical connections at room temperature, as the filters can be thermally coupled to the cryogenic system without requiring complex electrical routing.
3Use of energy by moving object
If RF signal amplitude is reduced for thermalization, then power requirements decrease, but signal loss increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary thermalization of RF signals at intermediate temperature stages before the signals reach the cryogenic qubit stage. By progressively reducing signal intensity through cooled filters at intermediate stages, the system minimizes both power requirements and signal loss that would occur if attenuation were performed at a single stage.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces power dissipation and noise, allowing for the integration of large quantum systems with standard CMOS technology and improving the real-time behavior of qubits, while minimizing electrical connections and signal loss.
Implementation Method 1
one or more coolable filters, the latter configured for thermalizing RF signals from the signal generators
Implementation Method 2
a second stage adapted to be cooled down at a lower temperature than the first stage. Superconducting qubits are arranged in the second stage
Implementation Method 3
Superconducting circuits are relatively easy to manufacture with current technologies and are thus candidates to further scale quantum information technologies
Data Source
AI summary
A quantum computer hardware apparatus may include a first stage, which is connected to one or more signal generators, and a second stage adapted to be cooled down at a lower temperature than the first stage. Superconducting qubits are arranged in the second stage. The signal generators are configured, each, to generate radio frequency (RF) signals to drive the qubits, in operation. The apparatus may further include an intermediate stage between the first stage and the second stage, wherein the intermediate stage comprises one or more coolable filters, the latter configured for thermalizing RF signals from the signal generators. Related methods for thermalizing radio frequency signals in a quantum computer hardware apparatus are also disclosed.