Cryogenic RF Filters for Qubit Thermalization With Lower Power Dissipation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing quantum computing devices using superconducting qubits require substantial power to generate radio frequency signals due to the need for high signal intensity, which leads to increased power dissipation and noise, especially when a large number of qubits are involved, and current attenuator-based thermalization methods reduce signal intensity and require significant electrical connections and power.
Innovation Solution
The use of cooled filters instead of attenuators for thermalizing radio frequency signals, which reduces signal energy dissipation and power requirements by allowing lower signal amplitudes and optimizing noise reduction, enabling efficient thermalization and reducing the need for RF amplifiers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If high signal intensity is used to drive superconducting qubits, then the qubit operation reliability is improved, but the power dissipation and noise increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the signal path into multiple temperature stages (room temperature, intermediate temperature, and cryogenic stages), with filters placed at different stages to progressively thermalize the signal. This segmentation allows high signal intensity to be maintained at room temperature while progressively reducing power dissipation at lower temperature stages where noise is critical.
Solution Approach 2:
Cooled filters act as intermediary components between the high-power room temperature signal source and the sensitive cryogenic qubits. These filters thermalize the signal at intermediate temperature stages, serving as a mediator that reduces noise and power dissipation while maintaining signal integrity for qubit operation.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If traditional attenuators are used for thermalization, then noise reduction is achieved, but the device complexity and power requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the temperature parameter of the filtering components, placing filters at different temperature stages rather than using traditional room-temperature attenuators. This parameter change (temperature) allows for more efficient thermalization with reduced complexity, as cooled filters can achieve the same noise reduction with fewer and simpler components.
3Measurement precision
If multiple electrical connections are made for signal generation, then the signal control precision is improved, but the power dissipation and system complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The signal generation and control system is segmented across multiple temperature stages, with each stage handling specific signal processing functions. This allows precise signal control to be achieved at room temperature while minimizing power dissipation at cryogenic stages, reducing the need for multiple high-power electrical connections at low temperatures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces power dissipation and noise, allowing for the generation of high-fidelity signals with lower power consumption, making it compatible with standard CMOS technology and enabling integration of large quantum systems without the need for expensive RF amplification.
Implementation Method 1
one or more coolable filters, the latter configured for thermalizing RF signals from the signal generators
Implementation Method 2
a second stage adapted to be cooled down at a lower temperature than the first stage. Superconducting qubits are arranged in the second stage
Data Source
AI summary
A quantum computer hardware apparatus may include a first stage, which is connected to one or more signal generators, and a second stage adapted to be cooled down at a lower temperature than the first stage. Superconducting qubits are arranged in the second stage. The signal generators are configured, each, to generate radio frequency (RF) signals to drive the qubits, in operation. The apparatus may further include an intermediate stage between the first stage and the second stage, wherein the intermediate stage comprises one or more coolable filters, the latter configured for thermalizing RF signals from the signal generators. Related methods for thermalizing radio frequency signals in a quantum computer hardware apparatus are also disclosed.