Cryogenic Solid Film Extrusion Using Temperature Gradient Pressure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing extrusion devices for producing solid hydrogen or deuterium targets at cryogenic temperatures are complex, difficult to manufacture, and integrate with other devices, requiring precise control of temperature and pressure, and often involve moving parts.
Innovation Solution
An extrusion device with a cell having a bottom and side walls, an input and output opening, and a temperature control system that generates a temperature gradient to create pressure for extrusion without moving parts, using a control circuit to form a solid volume that seals the output opening and applies a temperature difference to force the extrusion of a solid film.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If traditional extrusion devices with moving parts are used, then extrusion of solid hydrogen or deuterium can be achieved, but the device complexity increases and integration becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional mechanical piston system with a thermal field-based extrusion mechanism. By applying a temperature gradient along the extrusion direction, the solid material is driven forward through thermal expansion and phase changes rather than mechanical force, eliminating moving parts and simplifying the device structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the control parameter from mechanical pressure to temperature gradient. By controlling the temperature distribution along the extrusion path, the material's phase and volume change, generating extrusion force without mechanical components. This parameter transformation simplifies the device while maintaining extrusion functionality.
2Ease of operation
If traditional extrusion devices with pressure control are used, then solid target extrusion can be achieved, but the control complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention transforms the control parameter from pressure to temperature. By controlling the temperature gradient along the extrusion direction, the system achieves material extrusion through thermal expansion and phase changes, simplifying the control system while maintaining effective extrusion pressure generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical pressure control systems with thermal field control. The temperature gradient naturally generates the necessary forces for extrusion through thermal expansion, eliminating complex pressure regulation mechanisms and reducing control complexity.
3Adaptability or versatility
If moving parts are used in extrusion devices, then material compression can be achieved, but the device integration with other systems becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical compression systems with a thermal field-based compression mechanism. By applying a temperature gradient, the material is compressed and extruded through thermal expansion and phase changes, eliminating moving parts that would complicate integration with other systems such as tokamaks or proton therapy devices.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables the easy production and integration of pure solid targets by generating a pressure gradient for extrusion, improving the efficiency and simplicity of producing solid films at cryogenic temperatures without the need for moving parts.
Implementation Method 1
a second adjustment to generate a temperature gradient between the output opening and the first zone so as to generate a pressure in the cell forcing extrusion of the solid film
Implementation Method 2
generate a temperature gradient between the output opening and the first zone so as to generate a pressure in the cell
Implementation Method 3
The heat exchanger enables condensation of the hydrogen isotope placed in the extrusion chamber
Implementation Method 4
When extrusion takes place, the temperature inside the chamber is comprised between 11 and 14 K
Implementation Method 5
The extrusion chamber comprises a screw which serves the purpose of compressing the material to be extruded at pressures of about 5 to 10 MPa
Data Source
AI summary
The extrusion device of a solid film comprises a cell provided with an input opening of a material designed to form the solid film, and an output opening of the solid film from the cell. The device comprises a first heat exchanger for applying a first temperature to the output opening and a second heat exchanger for applying a second temperature in a first zone of the cell distinct from the output opening and a control circuit imposing first and second sets of first and second temperatures. The first set enables a volume of the material in solid phase to be formed. The second set enables a temperature gradient to be generated in the volume so as to generate a pressure forcing extrusion of the solid film via the output opening.