Current Transformer Temperature Sensing via DC Injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current transformers (CTs) face accuracy issues due to varying temperatures, especially in critical applications where additional temperature sensing devices are costly and may not provide accurate local readings when installed far from the CT, leading to potential equipment damage and downtime.

Innovation Solution

Modifying current transformers to incorporate a DC current circuit and voltage measuring circuit, allowing the device to function as both a current transformer and a temperature sensor, using a processor to calculate resistance and determine temperature for diagnostic purposes, including detecting loose connections or arcing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a temperature sensing device is installed near the CT to provide local temperature information, then temperature measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity and installation cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement accuracyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the temperature sensing function with the existing current transformer by utilizing its secondary winding. The CT's secondary winding serves dual purposes: maintaining its current transformation function while also acting as the sensing element for temperature measurement through resistance-based temperature detection, thereby eliminating the need for separate temperature sensing devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The secondary winding of the current transformer is made multi-functional by enabling it to perform both its traditional current sensing role and a new temperature sensing role. By measuring the resistance of the secondary winding at different temperatures and correlating resistance changes to temperature changes, the single component achieves universal functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Ease of operation

If a temperature sensing device is installed far from the CT due to space constraints, then ease of installation is improved, but temperature measurement accuracy deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of installationVSAvoidtemperature measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The temperature sensing capability is merged directly into the CT structure through the secondary winding, ensuring the sensing element is always at the optimal location (inside or on the CT) regardless of external space constraints. This eliminates the installation location problem entirely

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Measurement precision

If additional temperature sensing equipment and installation are added to the CT system, then temperature measurement capability is improved, but installation cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetemperature measurement capabilityVSAvoidinstallation cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges temperature sensing functionality into the existing CT by utilizing its secondary winding, eliminating the need for separate temperature sensing equipment. This approach reduces installation costs while maintaining temperature measurement capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The secondary winding is made multi-functional to perform both current transformation and temperature sensing, maximizing the utility of existing components and avoiding additional equipment purchases

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate temperature compensation and early detection of potential electrical issues, maintaining reliable current readings and preventing equipment damage by integrating temperature sensing within the CT, reducing the need for external temperature sensing devices.

Implementation Method 1

a circuit for injecting a DC current into the secondary winding; a circuit for measuring a voltage across the secondary winding; a processor for calculating a resistance of the secondary winding from the measured voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Resistance: Electrical Resistance

Implementation Method 2

determining, by the processor, a temperature of the secondary winding; storing the determined temperature of the secondary winding in the memory for diagnostic use

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature-Resistance Relationship: Thermo-resistive Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3185024B1Current transformer with enhanced temperature measurement functions
Publication Date: 2019.05.22 SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC USA INC
  • EP3185024B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3185024B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3185024B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention provides a method of using a current transformer for a temperature sensing device. The method determines the temperature of the current transformer's secondary winding by injecting a DC current into the secondary winding, measuring a voltage across the secondary winding, calculating the resistance of the secondary winding from the voltage induced into the secondary winding by the injected DC current and determining the secondary winding temperature by calculations or a comparison with verified resistance/temperature combinations.