Gain-Compensated CT Delta-Sigma Modulator for Limited Amplifier Gain

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Solution Overview

Problem

Continuous-time delta-sigma modulators (CTDSMs) face limitations in linearity and power consumption due to the linearity of the first integrator in its loop filter, particularly at high sampling frequencies, which affects their performance in broadband radio and radar applications.

Innovation Solution

Employing a single-stage inverter-based amplifier with gain compensation, utilizing a gain compensation circuit to enhance the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) while reducing power consumption by moving the gain compensation stage further in the signal chain.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If a single-stage inverter-based amplifier is used, then power consumption is reduced, but the amplifier gain is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidamplifier gain
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The gain compensation function is segmented from the main amplifier and placed in a separate stage further down the signal chain. This allows the main amplifier to operate with lower power consumption while the dedicated compensation stage restores the required gain, resolving the contradiction between power consumption and amplifier gain.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A gain compensation circuit acts as an intermediary element that compensates for the limited gain of the single-stage amplifier. This intermediary component enables the system to achieve the required overall gain without increasing the power consumption of the main amplifier.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If gain compensation is applied early in the signal chain, then signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is improved, but power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal-to-quantization-noise ratioVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The gain compensation is applied at an optimal point in the signal chain where it most effectively improves the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio without requiring excessive power. By positioning the compensation stage further down the chain rather than at the beginning, the system achieves the necessary SQNR improvement with minimal additional power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Power

If multi-stage amplifiers are used, then amplifier gain is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveamplifier gainVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a complex multi-stage amplifier architecture, the gain compensation function is segmented and placed in a separate, simpler stage further down the signal chain. This segmentation approach achieves the required overall gain while maintaining lower device complexity compared to traditional multi-stage amplifier designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP4708700A1High-speed continuous-time delta-sigma modulator including an amplifier with limited gain
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 NXP BV
  • EP4708700A1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4708700A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4708700A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A modulator circuit may include an integrator circuit and a gain compensation circuit. The integrator circuit may include a first amplifier including an input to receive a signal and an output to provide an inverted signal and a capacitor including a first terminal coupled to the input and a second terminal coupled to the output. The gain compensation circuit may include a second inverter amplifier including a gain input coupled to the output of the first amplifier and including a gain output; a first resistor including a first terminal coupled to the gain output and including a second terminal; and a second capacitor including a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor and including a second terminal coupled to the gain input. The integrator circuit has a finite DC gain and the gain compensation circuit is configured to compensate for the finite DC gain.