Computed Tomography Fatigue Damage Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting fatigue damage in materials under cyclic or continuous loading lack precision and fail to provide early detection, especially in materials like plastics, metals, and ceramics, limiting their ability to predict component service life effectively.

Innovation Solution

A non-destructive 3D examination method using computed tomography that involves recording a complete dataset of X-ray images with high angular resolution, synchronizing image acquisition with load cycles, and employing 3D image correlation to detect changes and reconstruct volumes incrementally, allowing for precise tracking of crack propagation and material fatigue.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional test methods are used to investigate fatigue damage under cyclic loading, then the testing can be performed with standard equipment, but the detection precision and early detection capability are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection precisionVSAvoidtesting complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from conventional 2D surface measurement methods to 3D volumetric imaging using computed tomography. This dimensional change enables detection of internal fatigue damage and crack propagation throughout the entire specimen volume, not just on the surface, thereby significantly improving detection precision without requiring overly complex additional equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary high-resolution 3D scanning of the specimen before fatigue testing to establish a reference state. During subsequent cyclic loading, only changes relative to this preliminary state are detected, enabling early detection of fatigue damage before it becomes macroscopic. This preliminary action allows for sensitive detection without requiring continuously complex measurement systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If complete datasets with high angular resolution are recorded continuously during loading, then early detection of fatigue damage is enabled, but the data processing effort increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveearly detection capabilityVSAvoiddata processing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential information needed for fatigue damage detection by comparing current 3D images against the preliminary reference state. Instead of processing complete high-resolution datasets continuously, the system extracts only the changes (damage accumulation, crack propagation) from the reference, dramatically reducing data processing time while maintaining early detection capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses partial action by performing full high-resolution scanning only at the beginning to establish the reference state and at selected intervals during testing. Between these intervals, lighter measurement modes are used, reducing overall data processing requirements while still enabling timely detection of fatigue damage progression

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Measurement precision

If 3D image correlation is used to evaluate sequences of 3D images, then accurate tracking of crack propagation is achieved, but the computational effort increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack propagation tracking accuracyVSAvoidcomputational effort
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the 3D image correlation process by first identifying and tracking specific features (crack tips, damage zones) rather than performing full-volume correlation. This segmentation allows accurate crack propagation tracking by focusing computational resources only on relevant regions, reducing overall computational effort while maintaining high measurement precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by performing detailed 3D image correlation only in regions where changes are detected (damage zones, crack locations) rather than throughout the entire specimen volume. This selective approach maintains accurate crack propagation tracking in critical areas while minimizing computational effort in unchanged regions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables early detection of fatigue damage with high spatial and temporal resolution, providing accurate predictions about the service life of components by minimizing data processing and leveraging the increased information content of 3D imaging.

Implementation Method 1

In computed tomography, the interaction between X-rays and the matter of an object to be examined is recorded

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray interaction with matter: X-Ray

Data Source

PatentEP2489010B1Method for the nondestructive 3D analysis of a test specimen by means of computer tomography
Publication Date: 2013.12.11 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP2489010B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2489010B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP2489010B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

In the method for data determination for a nondestructive 3D analysis of a test specimen by means of computer tomography, first a reference data record comprising image information of a first sequence of radiography images of a test specimen is provided, the first sequence of radiography images having a first average angle increment ?a. Then, image information of a second sequence of radiography images of the test specimen, which has a first state, are generated with an average angle increment ?ß, the second angle increment ?ß being larger than the first angle increment ?a. Thereafter, the respective image information of the second sequence of radiography images is compared with the angularly associated image information of the first sequence of radiography images by means of 2D image correlation, so as to obtain a comparison result. If the comparison result, at an angle position ßi of the second sequence, reaches a threshold value, image information of a third sequence of radiography images of the test specimen is generated in regions around the angle position ßi and with a third average angle increment ??, the third angle increment ?? being smaller than the second angle increment ?ß. Finally, the reference data record is updated on the basis of the image information of the third sequence of radiography images so as to obtain an updated reference data record.